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Anatomy > Accessory Digestive Organs > Flashcards

Accessory Digestive Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Where the liver sits

A

Sits mostly in right hypochondrium and epigastric regions

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2
Q

Surface of the liver

A

Diaphragmatic surface- Anterior, Posterior, and Superior

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3
Q

Subphrenic recess

A

Separates liver from diaphragm

-divided into right and left by the falciform ligament

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4
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

Divides Subprhrenic Recess into right and left

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5
Q

Hepatorenal Recess

A

Between liver and right kidney/adrenal gland

-Continuous anteriorly

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6
Q

Visceral Surface of the liver

A

Inferior

-covered in visceral peritoneum (except fossa of gall bladder)

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7
Q

Porta Hepatis

A

Point of entry for the hepatic artery and portal vein, exit of bile duct (PORTAL TRIAD)

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8
Q

Lobes of the liver

A
  • Right Lobe
  • Left Lobe
  • Caudate Lobe
  • Quadrate Lobe
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9
Q

Right Lobe of the liver

A

Largest lobe

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10
Q

Left lobe of the liver

A

Smaller, seperated from right by Falciform ligament

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11
Q

Caudate Lobe of the liver

A

Arise from right lober, on postero- ventral surface

-Bound on left by fissure for LIGAMENTUM VENOSUM and on right by groove for IVC

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12
Q

Quadrate Lobe

A

On Anterior part of visceral surface

  • Bound on left by fissure for LIGAMENTUM TERES and right by fossa of gall bladder
  • Functionally related to left lobe of liver
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13
Q

Gall Bladder

A

Between right and quadrate lobes

Fondus, body, neck

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14
Q

Where is bile made and stored?

A

Made in the liver and stored in the gall-bladder

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15
Q

What does bile do?

A

Emulsifies fat- important for digestion- DOES NOT DIGEST tho just EMULSIFIES (breaks up into small molecules)

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16
Q

How is bile transported to the duodenum?

A

through biliary tree (AKA biliary tract)

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17
Q

How does bile exit the liver?

A

Via left and right hepatic ducts

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18
Q

Where does bile travel?

A

Travels down the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT which runs with the proper hepatic artery and portal vein in the lesser omentum (STILL IN LIVER)

Then joins with the CYSTIC DUCT from the gallbadder to form the BILE DUCT

Bile duct descends until it meets the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT and empties into the major duodenal papilla at the AMPULLA OF VATER

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19
Q

Arterial Supply to liver

A

Liver receives blood from R and L hepatic arteries (celiac trunk) ->common hepatic->hepatic artery proper->right and left hepatic arteries

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20
Q

Arterial Supply to Gall Bladder

A

Gall bladder receives blood from cystic artery (branch off of right hepatic artery)

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21
Q

Another name for hepatic artery proper

A

hepatic proper

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22
Q

Pancreas

A

Lies posterior to the stomach between the spleen and duodenum

  • Head: within the C of the duodenum
  • Unicinate Process: projects from the lower part of the head
  • Neck: ant to superior mesenteric vessels
  • Body: elongates from neck to tail
  • Tail: passe between splenorenal ligament
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23
Q

Splenorenal Ligament

A

Ligament connecting spleen to kidney

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24
Q

Major Pancreatic Duct

A

begins at the tail, passes through the body and joins the bile duct in the lower part of the head

-forms HEPATOPANCREATIC AMPULLA (of VATER)

  • enters the descending 2nd part of the duodenum at the MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA
    • Surrounded by SPHINCTER OF AMPULLA (of ODDI)
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25
Q

Accessory Pancreatic Duct

A

Empties into Minor Duodenal Papillae

-branches and enters duodenum superior to major papilla

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26
Q

Arterial Supply to Pancreas

A
  • Gastroduodenal Artery
  • Inferiorpancreaticoduodenal Artery (from SMA)
  • Dorsal Pancreatic Artery
  • Great Pancreatic Artery
27
Q

Gastroduodenal Artery

A

From common hepatic from celiac trunk

  • Anterior superior pancreaticoduodeunal artery
  • Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
28
Q

Inferiorpancreaticoduodenal Artery (from SMA)

A
  • Anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

- Posterior Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

29
Q

Dorsal Pancreatic Artery

A

From inferior pancreaticartery and splenic artery

30
Q

Great Pancreatic Artery

A

From inferior pancreatic artery and splenic artery

31
Q

Spleen

A

In the left hypochondrium

-lies against the diaphragm near ribs 9 and 10

32
Q

Spleen Connected to

A

Greater curvature of stomach via GASTROSPLENIC LIGAMENT

-Left kidney via SPLENORENAL LIGAMENT

33
Q

What ligaments are part of the greater omentum?

A
  • Gastrosplenic Ligament

- Splenorenal Ligament

34
Q

Splenic Hilum

A

Entry point of SPLENIC ARTERY (branch off of celiav trunk)

-Exit point for splenic vein

35
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome

A

High pressure in SMA enlarges it and presses down on it and blocks/hinders digestions
-smashes 3rd part of duodenum becuase of dilation

36
Q

Nutcracker

A

SMA curshes renal vein with aorta

37
Q

The Portal Circulation allows blood from where, to travel into the liver before entering the IVC

A

Digestive tract (abdominal esophagus to superior rectum), spleen, pancreas and gall bladder

38
Q

Blood passes through the liver for processing and empties into the IVC through the _____

A

Heptatic Veins

39
Q

Do all portions of organs drain into the portal circulation?

A

NO

40
Q

Another name for Portal System

A

Hepatic portal system

41
Q

DIfference between Hepatic Portal Veins and Hepatic Veins

A

Hepatic Portal Vein: drains all organs into liver

Hepatic Vein: drains from liver to IVC

42
Q

Portal System is a secondary capillary bed in system- Why?

A

Arteries drain to first capillary bed

  • then thru a portal vein, we travel to a 2nd capillary bed
  • second bed then gets drained by veins
43
Q

In Portal System: First set of capillary beds are within organs that are draining (primary capillary plexus-actually in digestive organs)– all digestive organs are drained via ____

A

Hepatic portal veins

44
Q

Hepatic bein drains into second capillary plexus (within the liver itself)- liver contains sinuses/sinusoidal secondaries. This is where detoxyfying occurs- once clean, it drains via blood into _____

A

IVC

45
Q

Does the hepatic portal system occur anywhere else in the body?

A

Yes, in the brain but for a different function- not filtration!

46
Q

Portal Circulation

A

-Special circulation that drains most digestive organs

47
Q

What drains into the portal vein?

A

Venous vessels draining structured supplied by the celiac, SMA, and IMA

48
Q

Portal Vein divides into sinusoids in the liver that drain into ___

A

Hepatic veins into the IVC

49
Q

Describe how the inferior mesenteric vein drains

A

Drains up into splenic since crossing over would have to cross high pressured aorta

50
Q

Portal Vein Drainage

A
  • Left gastric vein
  • Splenic vein
  • Superior mesenteric vein
51
Q

Splenic vein branches to…

A
  • Short gastric veins
  • left gastro-omental veins
  • pancreatic veins
  • inferior mesenteric veins: WHICH DRAIN TO— Left colic vein, Sigmoid vein, superior rectal vein
52
Q

Superior mesenteric vein branches to…

A
  • Jejunal ileal, iliocolic, right colic, middle colic vein
  • Right gastro-omental vein
  • Anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal vein
53
Q

Anastomosis

A

Connection between structures

-places where vlood will directly enter the systemic circulation instead of passing through the portal system

54
Q

What are the 3 places where the portal circulation anastomose with the system circulation>

A
  1. Esophagus- Azygous vein
  2. Inferior Rectum/Anus- middle and inferior rectal veins
  3. Paraumbilical Area-Veins on Anterior abdominal wall
55
Q

What drains Upper part of esophagus

A

Azygous vein/system-which then goes to SVC (systemic)

56
Q

What drains Lower part of esophagus (abdominal part)?

A

Portal circulation (portal)

57
Q

What drains superior rectum?

A

Portal Circulation (portal)

58
Q

What drains middle and inferior rectum?

A

Iliac veins- which merge to make IVC (systemic)

59
Q

Concequences of alcoholics having a fatty/compressed liver

A

The creation of portal hypertention that backs everything up-cannot drain structures via portal ciculation and everything thats supposed to be drains gets pushed and stopped.

60
Q

When does drainage of a whole organ go thru systemic circulation?

A

When theres alocholic/fatty liver since they can reach portal- this is not meant to happen so blood vessels get engorged and its a problem (esophageal vericies)- when you ear you burst them and throw up blood since azygous system (PORTAL) is clogged

61
Q

Caput Medusae

A

Engorgemnet of veins in umbelical region bc systemic drainage is being asked to do TOO MUCH since portal circulation is doing too much

62
Q

Lymphatics of portal system

A

Drainage via pre-aortic lymph nodes

  • celiac
  • superior mesenteric
  • inferior mesenteric
63
Q

All lympahtics for portal system drain into…

A

Cisterna Chyli

64
Q

What are the 4 options from sypathetic innervation?

A
  1. Leave spinal cord via ventral root
    1. Enter sympathetic trunk via white ramus (NO SYNAPSE)
    2. Via Splanchnic Nerve- goes to another ganglion (for the most part, sympathetic ganglion are located along aorta, Parasymapthetic ganglion are located on or within target organ)
      Synapse with sympathetic ganglion then synapse and a postganglion which will travel to effector to exert sympathtetic effect

Anatomy (11 decks)

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