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Anatomy > Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of Abdominal Cavity- Superiorly, Inferiorly, Posteriorly, Laterally/Anteriorly

A

Borders of Abdominal Cavity-
Superiorly: diaphgram
Inferiorly: Continuous with pelvic cavity
Posteriorly: Vertebral column and abdominal wwall
Laterally/Anteriorly: Abdominal wall, ribs in superior portion

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2
Q

because of diaphragm shape, some abdominal organs are underneath…

A

the ribs

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3
Q

Inferiorly- the abdomen is continuous with ______ so peritoneum of abdomen continous on to the ___

A

Pelvic cavity (no seperation), the pelvis

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4
Q

Describe orientation of abdomen and pelvis

A

because of lumbar vertebrae, theres a tilt (pelvis is diagonal and abdomen is straight up and down verticle)- continuous but not straight column

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5
Q

Peritoneum lines the…

A

abdominal cavity (it overs abdominal organs)

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6
Q

Layers of Peritoneum

A

Parietal and visceral layer just like the heart/lungs.

-Different here because of organization of abdominal organs

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7
Q

Place where peritoneum folds over itself and makes a double layer is called…

A

Mesentary

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8
Q

What organs are suspended by mesentary or behind mesentary (retroperitoneal)

A

Abdominal Organs

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9
Q

Does the paritoneum continue down into the pelvis?

A

YES- and it drapes over the pelvic structures- can see bladder and uterus (in women)

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10
Q

Transumbilical Plane

A

Horizontal, through the umbilicus and intervertebral disc between L3 and L4

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11
Q

Vertical plane runs from __to __

A

Xiphoid process to public symphysis

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12
Q

Name the clinical quadrants

A

Right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant

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13
Q

Name the anotomical regions

A 
Right hypochondrium
Right flank,lumbar
right groin,inguinal
pubic region
umbilical region
epigastric region
left hypoconhdrium
left flank/lumbar
left groin/inguinal
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14
Q

Subcoastal plane

A

Horizontal.

Lower border of costal cartilage of rib 10 and L3

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15
Q

Intertubercular plane

A

Horizontal.

Connects tubercles of illiac crests

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16
Q

Midclavicular planes

A

Vertical.

Midpoint of clavicles to point between pubic symphysis and anterior superior iliac spine

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17
Q

What are the bony components of the abdominal wall?

A

Lumbar vertebrae, upper wings of pelvic bones, costal margin and ribs 11/12

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18
Q

What are the muscular components of the Abdominal Wall?

A

Posteriorly: Quadratus Lumborum, iliopsoas
Laterally: 3 layers of muscles
Anteriorly: rectus Abdominus

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19
Q

Fascial components of Abdominal wall

A

Superficial and deep layer of fascia

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20
Q

Describe Quadratus Luumborum

A

Posteriorly- sits above hips, lateral to lumbar vertebrae, flat muscle that makes up posterior body wall in abdomen- kidneys sit on a portion of QL

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21
Q

Describe Iliopsoas

A

Combination of muscles iliacus and psoas major

-Iliacus sits in iliac fosa (anterior portion of hip bone)

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22
Q

Whye are Psoas major and iliacus combined?

A

Because they have the same insertion (make up portion of posterior body wall) but cross anterior aspect of hip and insert in femur

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23
Q

What are the 3 layers of muscle, located laterally?

A

External and Internal obliques and transverse abdominus (deep to these)

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24
Q

Superficial fatty layer of fascia

A

Campers Fascia- superfeicial layer of superficial fatty layer (this is a layer of adipose)

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25
Q

Deeper Membranous layer of facsia

A

Scarpas Fascia-

  • More membranous
  • continues into the thigh and fuses with FASCIA LATA
  • continues in anterior perinuem as COLLES FASCIA
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26
Q

Dartos Muscles

A

In males, CAMPERS + SCARPAS continue over penis and into scrotum and contain these smooth muscle fibers (called DARTOS)

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27
Q

External Oblique muscle

A
  • Most superficial
  • Immediately deep to superficial fascia
  • APONEUROSIS (thick, flat tendinous insertion) attaches to midline LINEA ALBA
  • direction is hands in pockets
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28
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A
  • Formed by lower border of external oblique aponeurosis

- travles from anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to pubic tubercle

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29
Q

Internal Oblique

A
  • Deep to external oblique
  • Ends at linea Alba
  • Fibers run SUPEROMEDIALLY
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30
Q

Fibers of the internal oblique run in this direction

A

SUPEROMEDIALLY

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31
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A
  • Long, flat, vertical muscle
  • Paired, seperated at midline by linea alba (bilateral)
  • Runs from pubic symphysis to costal margin
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32
Q

What is the Rectus Abdominus enclosed in

A

-is enclosed in the RECTUS SHEATH

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33
Q

Transversus Abdominus

A

-Deppest abdominal msucle
-Fibers run horizontally
-Originates allover the place
-Insertion is the “zipper”
(like a corset)

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34
Q

Deep Fascia: Transversalis Fascia

A
  • deep to transversus abdominus

- continuous layer of deep fascia that lines abdominal and pelvic cavities

35
Q

What is transverse fascia in direct contact with?

A

Rectus Abdominus below ARCUATE LINE

36
Q

Above Arcuate Line

A

ANTERIOR RECTUS SHEATH: made up of aponeuroses of external and internal obliques

POSTERIOR RECTUS SHEATH: made up of aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominus

37
Q

Below Arcuate Line

A

ANTERIOR RECTUS SHEATH: made up of aponeuroses of external and internal obliques and transversus abdominus

POSTERIOR RECTUS SHEATH: no longer exists, rectus abdominus is in direct contact with transversalis fascia

38
Q

Deep Fascia: Extraperotoneal Fascia

A
  • Deep to transversalis fascia, separates from peritoneum
  • lines abdominal and pelvic cavities
  • Abundant on the posterior wall
  • this layer has Vasculature
  • organs within this fascial layer are RETROPERITONEAL
39
Q

What is Retroperitoneal?

A

Structures that sit POSTERIOR to the peritoneum within the extra peritoneal fascia

40
Q

Order from superficial to deep abdomen

A

skin->campers->scarpas->external oblique->internal oblique->transversus ->abdominus->transversalis fascia->extraperitoneal fascia->parietal peritoneum

41
Q

Skin, muscles, and parietal peritoneum supplied by…

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves T7-L1

42
Q

Intercostal nerves give off __________branches that wrap around and end anteriorly

A

LATERAL CUTANEOUS

43
Q

is there well localized pain sensation in the abdomen?

A

no

44
Q

Vasculature surround all layers and profuse them with blood. What are the two layers?

A

Superficial and Deep

45
Q

Superficial Vasculature

A

Superior: MUSCULOPHRENIC ARTERY

Inferior: SUPERFICIAL EPIGASTRIC ARTERY & SUPERFICIAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY

46
Q

Where does the musculophrenic artery branch from?

A

Internal Thoracic Artery

47
Q

Where does the SUPERFICIAL EPIGASTRIC ARTERY & SUPERFICIAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY branch from?

A

Femoral Artery

48
Q

Deep Vascuature

A

Superior: SUPERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY

Lateral: 10th and 11th INTERCOSTAL AA. & SUBCOSTAL ARTERY

Inferior: INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY & DEEP CIRCUMFLEX ILIAC A.

49
Q

INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY & DEEP CIRCUMFLEX ILIAC A. branches from…

A

External Iliac Artery

50
Q

Lymphatics in superficial above umbilicus

A

Axillary Nodes

51
Q

Lymphatics in superficial below umbilicus

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

52
Q

Deep Lymphatics

A

Parasternal Nodes

53
Q

Inguinal Region-Groin is the region…

A

between anterior abdominal wall and thigh

54
Q

Where do testes develop in the male fetus?

A

inside the abdominal cavity- and they descend through the abdominal wall out into the scrotum

55
Q

Inguinal Canal

A

Passageway through anterior abdominal wall in the inguinal region formed by folding of fascia from abdominal muscles

56
Q

Do men and women have inguinal canals?

A

yes but more prominent in men since it passes spermatic cord in men or round ligament in woman from deep ring to superficial ring

57
Q

Where does inguinal canal start and end?

A

Start: Deep (internal) inguinal ring

End: Superficial (external) inguinal ring

58
Q

Descent of Testes???????????????????????????????ASK

A

Start by developing at abdominal cavity then go thru all the layers and an invagination of layer moves with them as they pull down.
-Start at deep inguinal ring: evagination of transversalis fascia
-superficial inguinal ring
-inguinal canal
-superficial inguinal canal
-

59
Q

Spermatic Cord purpose

A

it contains passageway for sperm from testes to the Urethra as well as venous, arterial and nerve supply

60
Q

As testes descend into scrotum, they take with them portions of the ___ that will form structures inside the scrotum

A

Abdominal wall

61
Q

Function of Cremasteric Facia

A

Responsible for raising and lowering testes comparing to testes temperature (since they have to be 3 degrees cooler)

62
Q

Name after the leave inguinal canal: External spermatic fascia

A

external oblique muscle

63
Q

Name after the leave inguinal canal: cremasteric fascia

A

internal oblique muscle

64
Q

Name after the leave inguinal canal: internal spermatic fascia

A

transversalis fascia

65
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of peritoneal sac through a weakened part of the abdominal wall

66
Q

Indirect Inguinal hernia

A

through deep inguinal ring, lateral to epigastric (most common)

67
Q

Direct Inguinal hernia

A

through posterior wall of inguinal canal (through inguinal triangle), medial to epigastrics

68
Q

What is it a give away to determine if its a direct/indirect hernia?

A

Epigastrics and if its lateral or medial to it

69
Q

Inguinal Triangle

A

direct inguinal hernias push through

70
Q

name for space between parietal and visceral peritoneum

A

peritoneal cavity

71
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

lines abdominal wall

72
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

covers organs suspended in peritoneal cavity

73
Q

Why does mesentary form?

A

When digestive tract is developing, its one long tube. it spills out and develops out of body and then back in it (in utero)
-layers of perotineum forms a double layer as it folds over itself (mesentary)

74
Q

Mesentary holds organs to the ______

A

posterior abdominal wall

75
Q

What travels through the mesentary to visceral organs?

A

Vessels and Nerves

76
Q

Intraperitoneal structures…

A

are free to move within the mesentary

77
Q

Retroperitoneal structures are…

A

more confined to their position

78
Q

what special structures do peritoneal folds form?

A

mesentary, ligaments, omentum

79
Q

Examples of retroperitoneal structures

A
  • urinary system (kidney, bladder, ureter)/adrenal glands
  • aorta and IVC
  • part of esophagus and rectum
  • most of the pancreas (except the tail)
  • most of the duodenum
  • ascending/descending colon
80
Q

Greater Omentum

A

The layers of peritoneum form these apron-like tissue (can have a substantial amount of fat)

-hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach and duodenum

81
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Layers of peritoneum from lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver

-seperates omental bursa (lesser sac) from the greater sac of peritoneal cavity

82
Q

transverse mesocolon

A

Fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the posterior body wall

83
Q

sigmoid mesocolon

A

Inverted V shaped peritoneal fold that attaches the sigmoid colon to the abdominal wall

84
Q

Clinically important structures in each quadrant

A

RUQ: Liver, gall bladder

LUQ: Stomach, spleen (posterior)

RLQ: Appendix, Ascending colon

LLQ: Descending colon, sigmoid colon

R and L UQ: Pancreas

All 4 quadrants: Small Bowel

Anatomy (11 decks)

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