Digestive enzymes:

Question 1

Saliva:

Answer 1

produced by the salivary glands, mostly water but also contains enzymes to lubricate oral cavity and break down carbs/fats

Question 2

Gastric juices:

Answer 2

• produced by gastric glands in the stomach
• Contains hydrochloric acid and enzymes that digest food into chyme

Question 3

bile

Answer 3

Bile: contains bile salts that emulsify fats
Produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Question 4

pancreatic juice

Answer 4

Contains enzymes and ions that aid digestion in the small intestines

Question 5

Gastrin

Answer 5

• Stimulates: amino acids in stomach, distension of stomach, vagus nerve
• Target organ: stomach
• Increase H+ secretion

Question 6

CCK

Answer 6

• Stimulated: Fat and protein digestion products in the small intestine
• Target organ: Gallbladder, prancreas
• Action: increases contraction and enzyme secretion and decreases gastric emptying

Question 7

secretin

Answer 7

• Stimulated: H+ in the duodenum
• Targets: pancreas and stomach
• Increases pancreatic HCO3 secretion and decreases -
• Gastric H+ secretion

Question 8

Ghrelin

Answer 8

• Stimulated: hypoglycemia
• Targets: CNS
• Increase food intake and GH secretion

Question 9

Motilin

Answer 9

• Stimulated: ENS clock
• Targets: stomach and duodenum
• Increase contraction

Question 10

GIP

Answer 10

• Glucose and fats in small intestin stimulate secretion
• Targets:pancreas
• Increases insulin secretion

Question 11

GLP

Answer 11

• Glucose in the small intestine stimulates is
• Targets pancreas
• Increases insulin secretion

Question 12

Chemical digestion: salivary glands

Answer 12

• amylase: 1st step in chemical digestion of carbs
• lingual lipase: inactive until it gets to the stomach where the pH is lower
• mucus: moistens food
• lysozymes/antibodies: not for digestion but rather the innate immunity

Question 13

Chemical digestion: stomach

Answer 13

• bolus enters the stomach
• endocrine cells secrete gastrin:
• gastrin stimulates chief cells to release pepsinogen and gastric lipase (HCl converts pepsinogen to pepsin and activates the lingual lipase to begin the digestion of proteins and lipids)
• gastrin also stimulates parietal cells to release HCl and intrinsic factor
• intrinsic factors allows Vb12 to be absorbed later in the small intestine

Question 14

Chemical digestion: duodenum:

Answer 14

• secretin: targets stomach parietal and chief cells to stop producing HCl and pepsinogen