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Topics in Neurophysiology > Digestion (Test 3) > Flashcards

Digestion (Test 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic digestive processes?

A
  • Digestion
  • Motility
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
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2
Q

What is digestion?

A
  • The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
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3
Q

What is motility?

A
  • The movement of material along the digestive tract
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4
Q
  • What is secretion?
A
  • The release of enzymes into the digestive tract
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5
Q

What is absorption?

A
  • Active or passive transfer of substances from the lumen of the digestive tract to extracellular fluid
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6
Q

What are the three digestive organs that act to provide the correct chemical environment for food breakdown and absorption?

A
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Gallbladder
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7
Q

Where does muscularis interna (segmentation) mostly occur?

A
  • Small intestine
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8
Q

Where does muscularis externa (peristalsis) mostly occur?

A
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Large intestine
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9
Q

What are the digestive system organs?

A
  • Mouth
  • Salivary glands
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Stomach
  • Pancreas
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Rectum
  • Anus
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10
Q

What does the mouth do?

A
  • Breaks up food particles
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11
Q

What do the salivary glands do?

A
  • Saliva moistens and lubricates food
  • Amylase digests polysaccharides
  • Secretes amylase, lipase, and saliva
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12
Q

What does the pharynx do?

A
  • Swallows
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13
Q

What does the esophagus do?

A
  • Transports food
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14
Q

What does the liver do?

A
  • Breaks down and builds up many bio molecules
  • Stores vitamins and iron
  • Destroys old blood cells
  • Destroys poisons
  • Bile aids in digestion
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15
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A
  • Stores and concentrates bile
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16
Q

What does the stomach do?

A
  • Stores and churns food
  • Secretes pepsin and HCl
  • Mucus protects the stomach wall
  • Limited absorption
17
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A
  • Hormones regulate blood glucose levels
  • Bicarbonates neutralize stomach acid
  • Secrete trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase
18
Q

What does pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin digest?

A
  • Proteins
19
Q

What does amylase digest?

A
  • Polysaccharides
20
Q

What does lipase digest?

A
  • Lipids
21
Q

What does HCl do?

A
  • Activates enzymes
  • Breaks up food
  • Kill germs
22
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A
  • Completes digestion
  • Contains villi
  • Mucus protects gut wall
  • Absorbs nutrients, mostly water
  • Secretes peptidase, sucrase, and amylase
23
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A
  • Reabsorbs some water and ions

- Forms and stores feces

24
Q
  • What does the rectum do?
A
  • Stores and expels feces
25
Q

What does the anus do?

A
  • Opening for feces elimination
26
Q

What are the 3 segments of the small intestine

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
27
Q

What sphincter separates the stomach and the small intestine?

A
  • Pyloric sphincter
28
Q

What factors cause gastric emptying to decrease?

A
  • Acid
  • Duodenum distension
  • Enterogastrones (CCK, GIP, and secretin (decreased pH) feedback on chief and parietal cells)
29
Q

What factors cause gastric emptying to increase?

A
  • Large chyme volume in the stomach
  • High protein content in chyme
  • Gastrin
30
Q

When is CCK released?

A
  • High levels of proteins in the duodenum
31
Q

Which cells within the pancreas release CCK and bicarbonate?

A
  • Acinar cells
32
Q

Where does carb breakdown begin?

A
  • In the mouth by salivary amylase
33
Q

Where does protein breakdown begin?

A
  • In the stomac by pepsin
34
Q

Where does nucleic acid and fat breakdown begin?

A
  • Small intestine
35
Q

Starch/glycogen gets broken down to what?

A
  • Disaccharides
36
Q

What converts inactive trypsinogen to active trypsin?

A
  • Enteropeptidase
37
Q

Where do macromolecules travel after being absorbed?

A
  • Liver

Topics in Neurophysiology (14 decks)

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