Digestion system Flashcards
1
Q
two parts of nutrition
A
ingestion and digestion
2
Q
ingestion
A
taking food into the digestive system
3
Q
digestion
A
breakdown of food in order to utolize nutrients
4
Q
types of nutrients
A
micro and macro
5
Q
types of nutrients
A
micro and macro
6
Q
micronutrients
A
vitamins minerals and water
7
Q
macronutrients
A
proteins lipids and carbohydrates
8
Q
What are the two tupes of digestion
A
mechanical and chemical
9
Q
mechanical digestion in the mouth
A
the teeth breaking down food
10
Q
chemical digestion in the mounth
A
saliva digesting starch
11
Q
amylase
A
saliva, that breaks starches into glucose monomers
12
Q
Mucin
A
slippery protein that protects the soft lining of the digestive system; lubricates food for easier swallowing
13
Q
buffers
A
neutralize acid to prevent tooth decay
14
Q
anti-bacteriel chemicals
A
kill bacteriea hat enter the mouth with food
15
Q
parts of tooth
A
crown, root, enamil, dentin and pulp
16
Q
crown
A
part of the tooth above the gum
17
Q
root
A
part of the tooth below the gum
18
Q
enamil
A
calcium salt
19
Q
dentin
A
bone like enamel; hardest substance in the body
20
Q
bolus
A
lump formed with food and saliva
21
Q
Epiglottis
A
flap of cartilage that closes the trachea when swallowing
22
Q
where does food leave the mouth
A
through the esophagus
23
Q
peristalsis
A
involuntary muscle contractions that move food along
24
Q
pharynx
A
region in the back of the throught that connects to the larynx and the esophagus
25
how long is the pharynx
about 15 cm
26
how long is the pharynx
about 15 cm
27
digestive glands
groups of specialized secretory cells
28
where are difestive glands found
the lining of the alimentary canal or accessory organs
29
segmentation
involuntary contractions for the mixing of food
30
layers of the alimentary canal
mucosa, submuosa, muscular layer and serosa
31
Mucosal layer
inner most layer, secretes mucus
32
submuosal layer
provides elacticity of the tube; contains blood vessels
33
muscular layer
smooth muscle tissue, circular + longitudinal fibrs that pushes and mixes food
34
serosa (serous layer)
Visceral peritoneum, outercovering of the tube that moistens and lubricates structures.
35
Esophageal Hiatus
where the esophagus penatrates the diapram,
36
where does the esophagus connect to the stomach
at the cardiac sphincter
37
function of the stomach
temporary food storage/ mechanically and chemically breaks food down into chyme
38
function of the stomach
temporary food storage/ mechanically and chemically breaks food down into chyme
39
where does chymeleave the stomach
the pyloric sphincter
40
regions of the stomach
cardiac, fundic, body (greater and lesser curvature) and pyloric
41
stomach functions
food storage, dinfect food, and chemical digestion
42
pepsin
enzyme in stomach that breaks down protiens
43
Omentum
large apron like fold of visceral peritonium that hangs from the greater andd lesser curvature
44
accesory organs
pancreas, gallbladder, liver and salivary glands
45
gall bladder
patch near liver that stores bile
46
bile duct
long tube that carries bile through the pancreas and to the intestine
47
Function of Bile
breaks down fats
48
pancreas
organ that secretes digestive enzyms an horomones
49
where is all digestion completed
small intestine
50
pancrease enzymes
trypsin, chymotrypsisn, Amylase, and lupase
51
trypsin
digests protiens
52
chymotrypsin
digests proteirs
53
amylase
digests starch
54
lipase
digests fat
55
Buffers
neutralizes acid from stomach
56
Liver functions
maintains blood glucose level, breaks down lipids, fats and protien, stores vitamins and detoxifies substance; produces bile that breaks down fat
57
where does most chemical digestion take place
small intestine
58
where in the small intestine do simple sugars and protiens go
they are absorbed into the inner lining
59
where do fatty acids and glycerol go in the small intestine
they go to the lymphatic system
60
villi
hair like stuff that increases surface area of the small intestine
61
mesentary
membranous tisue that supports the folds of the intestines
62
how large is the small intestine
over 6 meters long with the surface area the size of a thennis court
63
three sections of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, and ilenum
64
duodenum
1st section; acid food from stomach mixes with digestive juices
65
jejunum
absorption of nutrients and water
66
ileum
absorption of nutrients and water (vitamins A B12 D E and K)
67
how much fluids does small intestine intake
90% of our body's fluida
68
what happened when not enough water is absorbed in the large intestines
diarrhea
69
what happens when too much water is absorbed by the large intestine
constipation
70
what is the name for undigestible solids that flow through the large inestine
fibers
71
what does the large intestine absorb
water and vitamins K and B
72
how does the large intestine further breakdown food
using the bacteria that live in it
73
bacteria in the large intestine
produce viamins and produce gas as a product of metabolizing the food waste
74
Rectum
last section of the large intestine; exit point of waste from the body
75
Ulcers
erosion of the surface of the alimentary canal, usually associated with some kind of irritant
76
appendicitis
an inflimation of the appendox due to infection
77
treatment for appendicitis
removal of the appendix by surgery
78
gallstones
an accumulation of hardened cholestorol or calcium deposits in the gallladder
79
gallstones solution
they can either be passed or surgically removed
80
heartburn
acid from the stomach backs up into the esophagus
81
hernia
intestines protruding through the abdominal wall
82
Papillae
bumps on the toun that help it grip food and contain taste buds
83
what is the roof of the mouth called
the palate
84
function of the hard pallate
allows for a place to mash food against
85
function of the soft palate
closes off nasopharynx when you swallow
86
what are the three salivary glands
Parotid, sublingual and submandibular
87
where is the paroitid gland
back of the mouth
88
where is the sublingual glands
right behind your bottom gums
89
where is the submandibular glands
under your tounge, behind the sublingual
90
where is the submandibular glands
under your tounge, behind the sublingual
91
what does hydrochloric acid do
chemically breaks down food, denatures protiens and kills bacteria
92
pepsin
chemical mixture found in stomach that digests proteins
93
entero endocrine cells
trigger other cells to contract or produce chemicals
94
G cells
cells that produce gastrin
95
what are the three phases of stomach secretion
cephallic,
96
what are the three phases of stomach secretion
cephallic, Gastric and intestinal
97
cephallic phase
brain senses food and sends signal to make stomach prepare for food
98
Gastric phase
stomach activates strech receptors and increases gastrin production
99
intestinal phase
speeds or slows rate of stomach emptying so small intestines are not overwhelmed
100
what can cause the stomach to vomit food
too muc food, bacteria or viruses, drugs and alchohol, and stress
101
chemical unit for energy in food
calorie
102
what do enzymes do
speed up chemical reactions that break up food
103
four main food molecules
carbohydrates, protiens, lipids and nucleic acids
104
purpos of mucus in the digestive tract
lubrication as well as protecting your own cells from digestive chemicals
105
Type of muscle responsible for peristalsis
smooth
106
enzyme needed to digest lactose
lactase
107
why is bile needed to break down fats
because fat is not water soluble
108
how does bile break down fats
bile prevents molecules from sticking together before they can be digested
109
peptidase breaks down
protiens
110
what cells absorb monomers
epithelieal cells
111
haustral contractions
contractions in the large intestine that occur every 30 minutes and last for 1 minute; they move feces throug the intestine
112
parasympathetic defication reflex
the opening of the internal anal sphincter
