Chapter 13 The Reformation Flashcards

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1
Q

It was the beginning of modern Europe and it profoundly
influenced the development of western
civilization

A

Reformation

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2
Q

What Religion was picked up by European countries during the reformation?

A

Protestantism

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3
Q

Y/N the reformation saw a DECREASE in religious enthusiasm.

A

N

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4
Q

What religion responded to the Protestant challenge with a counter-reformation?

A

Catholicism

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5
Q

Was the catholic counter reformation successful

A

Somewhat, it had some success.

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6
Q

What period destroyed the religious unity of Western
Europe and initiated a period of
devastating religious wars in the 16th and
17th centuries

A

The Reformation

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7
Q

When did the Great Schism take place

A

The late 1300s (1377)-The Early 1400s (1417)

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8
Q

when did the Babylonian captivity take place

A

the 14th century

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9
Q

What did the crises of the 14th and 15th centuries do to the clergy?

A

Hurt it’s prestige

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10
Q

what was the movement that wanted to reform the
Church to give it a council with more power than the pope was rejected by several popes in the
15th and 16th century

A

The Conciliar Movement

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11
Q

What is simony?

A

When the church sells a cardinalship or a bishop’s position.

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12
Q

Pluralism

A

Someone holding two offices at a time

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13
Q

Absenteeism

A

an official not participating in benefices but receiving
payment and privileges

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14
Q

What are Indulgences?

A

people paying money to the Church to absolve their
sins or sins of their loved ones

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15
Q

Nepotism

A

Letting family members into a position of power that is not deserved.

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16
Q

Leo X and Clement VII’s relation to the Medici was an example of:

A

Nepotism

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17
Q

What was Pope Alexander VI’s scandal

A

He had numerous children out of wetlock

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18
Q

Clerical ignorance in the Catholic church

A

many priests were virtually illiterate

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19
Q

How did Clergymen sexually abuse their power?

A

trading sexual favors for the absolution of sins during a
confession.

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20
Q

What were some claims of John Wyclif?

(1329-1384)

A
  • Stated that the Bible was the sole authority
  • Stressed personal communion with God
  • Translated the Bible into English

Foreshadowed Martin Luther’s views in the early 16th century

his followers were called Lollards

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21
Q

What were some of John Hus’s claims and Feats?

Czech Philosipher (1369-1415)

(HINT: Simmilar to Wycliff)

A
  • Religious leader in Bohemia who led a nationalist movement there
  • Burned at the stake by the Church
    for his “heretical” views
  • Hussites were followers of Hus who staged large rebellions in the 14th century
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22
Q

Who was Erasmus

A
  • He criticized the corruption in the church and the hypocrisy of the clergy.
  • Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.
  • Highly impacted Christan Humanism
  • Wrote in Praise of Folley
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23
Q

How did christan humanists feel about the church?

A

Christian humanists of the Northern Renaissance criticized the church and questioned the validity of the Latin Vulgate

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24
Q

Latin Vulgate

A

Catholic bible

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25
Q

When the bible was translated:

A

it undermined Church athourity by indirectly criticising the papacy, by criticising supreme athourity.

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26
Q

What major part of the renesance undermined the church

A

The strive for individuallity

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27
Q

Ulrich Zwingli

A
  • humanist preacher
  • used Erasmus’ edition of the Greek New Testament.
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28
Q

Which religious humanist was John Calvin influinced by

A

Erasmus

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29
Q

After Martin Luther’s Reformation, Many monistaries turned into:

A

Schools

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30
Q

What facilitated the spread of humanisim?

A

the printing press

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31
Q

Martin Luther

(1483-1546)

A
  • reformation minded Augustinian monk who taught at
    the University of Wittenburg in Saxony.
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32
Q

Johann Tetzel

A
  • encouraged by Pope Leo X to sell indulgences.
  • Indulgences were payments to reduce a person’s punishment in Purgatory, or perhaps the pain of
    a loved one who had already died.
  • Tetzel’s selling of indulgences had become egregious.
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33
Q

Nintey Five Theses

(1517)

A
  • criticized the selling of indulgences
  • questioned the scriptural authority of the pope to grant indulgences.
  • Luther’s imfamy was a result of the printing press
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34
Q

How did the pope veiw the 95 thesis

A

he thought it was insignifigant

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35
Q

Were disagreements between clergymen common Y/N?

A

Y

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36
Q

who protected Luther from papal retribution?

A

Frederick III of Saxony.

37
Q

Where were Luther and Johann Eck’s debates?

A

Leipzig

38
Q

Who was Johann Leipzig?

A

one of the great Catholic theologians who debated Martin Luther.

39
Q

what does erred mean?

A

an error or mistake

40
Q

did Luther think the church was correct in executing John Hus?Y/N

A

N

41
Q

What were the major differences of the Northern Renaissance from the Italian Renaissance?

A
  • Christian Humanism’s goal was to reform Christianity; focused on scripture, writings from Church Fathers
  • humanists supported education and schools
  • mysticism
  • less art
42
Q

How was the Northern Renaissance, in some ways, similar to the Italian Renaissance?

A
  • emphasis on religion (more in North, but in Italy too)
  • humanism/individual’s potential
  • appreciation of classics (antiquity)
43
Q

Where was Erasmus Born

A

Holland

44
Q

Which famous Northern Renaissance guy Wandered to France,Germany, Italy, England and Switzerland

A

Erasmus

45
Q

Who wrote handbook of the Christian King

A

Erasmus (1503)

46
Q

Who wrote the praise of folly

A

Erasmus (1509)

47
Q

What did erasmus believe

A

that christianity should be a guiding philosophy, religion needed to be restored, and education and virtues are important

48
Q

Which Famous humanist was fram and lived in England

A

Thomas More

49
Q

Who wrote Utopia

A

Thomas More (1516)

50
Q

What did Thomas Moore believe

A
  • believed cooperation and reason were better than power and fame for human societies; universal Catholic Church, classical learning, and service to the King were all important
51
Q

Who at the time held te highest position among the clergy

A

Nobles or wealthy members of the bourgeosie

52
Q

What is the the bourgeosise

A

The upper class

53
Q

How did the clergy increase its reveneues

A

most clergy members held multiple positions to make more money

54
Q

Pluralism

A

holding more than one office (leads to conflict of interest)

55
Q

What are indulgences

A

indulgences: a remission, after death, of all or part of the punishment for sin that the church sold to people

56
Q

Where is Martin Luther from

A

Germany

57
Q

Martin Luther beliefs

A

assurance of salvation, humans aren’t save through good works, but through faith in God’s promises

58
Q

What was the Primary Doctrine of Lutheranism

A

vation/justification (act by which a person is made deserving of salvation) by grace through faith alone

59
Q

What does “when a coin the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs” mean

A

when people pay the church, their souls are saved from Hell/Purgatory

60
Q

Who said the Famous “when a coin the coffer rings” quote”

A

Johan Tetzel

61
Q

What were Luther’s three critical points in his theology?

A

*Salvation through faith alone.
*The Bible was the sole authority.
*Only two sacraments—baptism and communion—were valid.

62
Q

what does “Salvation through faith alone.” mean

A

“God loves, forgives, and saves us not because of who we are or what we do, but because of the work of Christ.”

63
Q

What two Sacraments were valid in the eyes of martin Luther

A

Baptism and Communion

64
Q

Luther’s three Pamphlets

A
  • they moved toward a more definite break with the church
  • Luther called on German Princes to overthrow the papacy in Germany and establish a reformed German Church;
  • They attacked the Sacramental system

Published in1520

65
Q

what year did the 95 theses come out?

A

1517

66
Q

where did the pope reside during the years 1303-1378

A

Avignon

67
Q

what is Simony

A

JACK YOUR SELLING MY S GAMES YOU FUCK

68
Q

What was the Diet of worms

A

legislative group assembled by Charles V in Worms, Germany

69
Q

where did Lutheranism spread

A

Princely and ecclesiastical states in northern and central Germany (like Wittenburg, Germany)

70
Q

what percentage of germans could read

A

4-5%

71
Q

What was the German Peasents Revolt

A

easants wanted to return to the systems that were in place before the nobles

72
Q

Did Luther suppor the Peasnt’s revolt

A

No

Because his religion was spreading through nobles

73
Q

What title did Charled I of Spain Adopt

A

Holy Roman Emporer

74
Q

What dynasty was Charles I apart of

A

Hapsburg Dynasty

q

75
Q

Why was the Holy Roman Empire concerned with the East

A

Bacause the Ottoman turks overran constantinople and established control in southern Europe

76
Q

The Peace of Augusburg

A

recognized the equality of Catholicism and Lutheranism and let each German prince choose his realm’s religion

77
Q

What three other countries were affected by the spread of protestantism

A

*Norway
*Sweden
*Denmark

78
Q

Who was Ulrich Zwingli

A

Urich Zwingli began the reformation in switzerland through his preachings

79
Q

Who are the Anabaptists

A

Anabaptists belived in radical reform instead of allowing state to play dominant role in church affairs

80
Q

What happened to the Dutch Anabaptists at Munster

A

an uprising: Münster experienced economic disaster (crop failure/plague) and radical mass religious hysteria

81
Q

what did Munster rename themselves

A

Mennonites

Amish

82
Q

Why did Henry VIII of England want a divorce from Catherine of Aragon

A

She never produced a male heir

83
Q

Cardinal Wolsey

A

the highest ranking english church official who Henry VIII wanted to nullify his marrige

84
Q

Who were Thomas Cranmer and Thomas Cromwell

A

2 new advisers who became King Henry VIII’s agents in fulfilling his wish of divorcing Catherine of Aragon

85
Q

Who became archbishop of centerbury

A

Thomas Cranmer

86
Q

Who became the King’s principle secretary after Wosley

A

Thomas Cromwell

87
Q

What happened when Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church

A

the English monarch now controlled the church in all matters of doctrine, clerical appointments, and discipline

88
Q

Who was Mary I of England?

A

Henry VIII’s first daughter by Catherine of Aragon;Catholic who fully intended to restore England to Roman Catholicism

89
Q

John Calvin

A