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AP Euro > Chapter 15-Absolutism in Western Europe > Flashcards

Chapter 15-Absolutism in Western Europe Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Absolutism is derived from what

A

traditional assumption of power and the belief in divine right of kings

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2
Q

Who was the “quintessential” absolute monarch

A

Louis XIV of France

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3
Q

The sovereignty of a country was emboidied by what

A

the person of the ruler

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4
Q

Were absolute monarchs subordinate to national assemblies

A

No

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5
Q

How did western European absolutism contrast eastern European absolutism

A

the nobility remained powerful in the east, but didn’t in the west

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6
Q

What little power did the nobility still have

A

they could still at times
prevent absolute monarchs from
completely having their way.

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7
Q

Bureacucraceis in the 17th century were composed of what

A

career officials appointed by and soley accountable to the King

They often were rising members of
the bourgeoisie or the new nobility

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8
Q

which two monarchies gained effective control of the Roman Catholic Church in their countries

A

French and Spainish

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9
Q

what changed about armies at the time

A

they were no longer mercenary or noble armies and were maintained during peacetime

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10
Q

How did monarchs weaken polictical opponents

A

they established a secret police force

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11
Q

How was this different than totalitarianism of the 20th century

A
  • lacked the financial, technological and military resources
  • they also did not require mass participation
  • those who opposed the state were left alone
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12
Q

When did Jean Bodin live and write

A
  1. Lived and wrote during the French Civil Wars of the 16th century
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13
Q

what did Jean Bodin believe

A

Believed that only absolutism could provide order and force people to obey the government

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14
Q

what is jean bodin known for

A

he was one of the first to provide a theoretical basis for absolutist states

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15
Q

what is jean bodin known for

A

he was one of the first to provide a theoretical basis for absolutist states

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16
Q

What is Thomas Hobbes famous for writing

A

Leviathin (1615)

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17
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A
  • Political power derived from the people and transferred to the monarchy
  • belived in absolute monarchy(not divine right)
    *
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18
Q

who said anarchy results from chaos

A

thomas hobbes

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19
Q

Who said that the central drive in every person is power

A

Thomas Hobbes

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20
Q

T/F Hobbes was popular in the 17th century

A

F

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21
Q

Bishop Jacques Bénigne

A

Advocated for the divine right of kings

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22
Q

Three estates of French society in the 17th century

A
  1. First Estate- clergy (1% of population)
  2. Second Estate nobility(3-4%)
  3. Third Estate-Bourgeoisie, artisans, urban workers, peasents
23
Q

Who restored the Hierarchy in France

A

Henry IV

24
Q

How much of the country lived in the countryside

A

90%

25
Q

Which Country had the largest population in Europe at the time

A

France

this caused them to become the strongest nation in Europe

26
Q

Henry IV

A

Laid the foundation for France
becoming the strongest European
power

27
Q

How did Henry IV stengthen the social hierarchy

A

by strengthening
government institutions:
parlements (councils of noble
judges), the treasury,
universities, and the Catholic
Church.

28
Q

Who was the first king to actively encourage French colonization in the New World

A

Henry IV

29
Q

What dynasty was Henry IV part of

A

He was the first member of the bourbon dynasty

30
Q

How did HenryIv gain power

A

in a compromise to end the French Civil Wars

31
Q

Why did Henry IV convert from Calvinism to Catholicism

A

to gain recognition of his reign from Paris

32
Q

what did the Edict of Nantes do

A

provided a degree of religious toleration to the Huguenots

33
Q

Nobles of the Sword

A

old nobles

34
Q

Nobles of the Robe

A

new nobles who purchased their titles from the monarchy

35
Q

Who was the Finance minister for Henry IV?

A

Duke of Sully

36
Q

What is Mercantilism

A

the increased role of the states in the economy, in order to achieve a favorable balance of trade with other
countries

37
Q

Who monopolized Gunpowder, Salt, and the mining industry? Under Henry IV

A

The Duke of Sully

38
Q

What system helped decrease royal debt under Henry IV?

A

Systematic bookkeeping and equitable tax reform

39
Q

How was Spain’s royal finance in the late-1500s to mid-1600s

A

Spain was Drowning in debt. They had made a bad investment in a lot of exploration vessels from the such and french and were not getting a return on investment

40
Q

What changes did the duke of Sully and king henry make to France’s Transportation?

A

Nation-Wide Highways, Canals linked to major rivers, and the Canal du Midi, a canal that linked the Mediterranean and Atlantic.

41
Q

Who assassinated King Henry IV

A

A fanatical monk who killed him for having too much religious tolerance.

42
Q

Who ruled after king henry’s death?

A

Marie de Medici ruled as regent until
their son, Louis XIII came of age.

43
Q

How did Louis XIV keep aristocicy out of the governmen

A

recruited cheif ministers from the middle class

44
Q

T/F Louis continued the intendant system begun by Richelieu

A

T

45
Q

why was parlimet fearful of resisiting Louis XIV

A

they didn’t want to repeat the failure of the fronde

46
Q

T/F King Louis XIV considered Frances General

A

no

47
Q

What was the most impressive palace in Europe

A

Versailles Palace

48
Q

why was Versailles Palace considered a “pleasure prison”

A

Louis required nobles to live at the palace several months out of the year, however they were entertained while they were there

49
Q

What was the relationship between Louis XIV and the pope

A

Louis did not allow the pope to exercise political power in the French church

50
Q

what was the effect of king Loui’s revocking of the Edict of Fountainbleau

A

Huguenots los their right to practice Calvinism, many fled france

51
Q

Jansenists

A

Catholics who held some Calvinist views

52
Q

Mercantilism

A

state control over a country’s economy

53
Q

Bullionism

A

a nation’s policy of accumulating as much precious metal as possible while preventin other countries from doing the same

54
Q

Who was the French minister at the height of mercantilism

A

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

AP Euro (10 decks)

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