Chapter 15-Absolutism in Western Europe Flashcards
Absolutism is derived from what
traditional assumption of power and the belief in divine right of kings
Who was the “quintessential” absolute monarch
Louis XIV of France
The sovereignty of a country was emboidied by what
the person of the ruler
Were absolute monarchs subordinate to national assemblies
No
How did western European absolutism contrast eastern European absolutism
the nobility remained powerful in the east, but didn’t in the west
What little power did the nobility still have
they could still at times
prevent absolute monarchs from
completely having their way.
Bureacucraceis in the 17th century were composed of what
career officials appointed by and soley accountable to the King
They often were rising members of
the bourgeoisie or the new nobility
which two monarchies gained effective control of the Roman Catholic Church in their countries
French and Spainish
what changed about armies at the time
they were no longer mercenary or noble armies and were maintained during peacetime
How did monarchs weaken polictical opponents
they established a secret police force
How was this different than totalitarianism of the 20th century
- lacked the financial, technological and military resources
- they also did not require mass participation
- those who opposed the state were left alone
When did Jean Bodin live and write
- Lived and wrote during the French Civil Wars of the 16th century
what did Jean Bodin believe
Believed that only absolutism could provide order and force people to obey the government
what is jean bodin known for
he was one of the first to provide a theoretical basis for absolutist states
what is jean bodin known for
he was one of the first to provide a theoretical basis for absolutist states
What is Thomas Hobbes famous for writing
Leviathin (1615)
Thomas Hobbes
- Political power derived from the people and transferred to the monarchy
- belived in absolute monarchy(not divine right)
*
who said anarchy results from chaos
thomas hobbes
Who said that the central drive in every person is power
Thomas Hobbes
T/F Hobbes was popular in the 17th century
F
Bishop Jacques Bénigne
Advocated for the divine right of kings
Three estates of French society in the 17th century
- First Estate- clergy (1% of population)
- Second Estate nobility(3-4%)
- Third Estate-Bourgeoisie, artisans, urban workers, peasents
Who restored the Hierarchy in France
Henry IV
How much of the country lived in the countryside
90%
Which Country had the largest population in Europe at the time
France
this caused them to become the strongest nation in Europe
Henry IV
Laid the foundation for France
becoming the strongest European
power
How did Henry IV stengthen the social hierarchy
by strengthening
government institutions:
parlements (councils of noble
judges), the treasury,
universities, and the Catholic
Church.
Who was the first king to actively encourage French colonization in the New World
Henry IV
What dynasty was Henry IV part of
He was the first member of the bourbon dynasty
How did HenryIv gain power
in a compromise to end the French Civil Wars
Why did Henry IV convert from Calvinism to Catholicism
to gain recognition of his reign from Paris
what did the Edict of Nantes do
provided a degree of religious toleration to the Huguenots
Nobles of the Sword
old nobles
Nobles of the Robe
new nobles who purchased their titles from the monarchy
Who was the Finance minister for Henry IV?
Duke of Sully
What is Mercantilism
the increased role of the states in the economy, in order to achieve a favorable balance of trade with other
countries
Who monopolized Gunpowder, Salt, and the mining industry? Under Henry IV
The Duke of Sully
What system helped decrease royal debt under Henry IV?
Systematic bookkeeping and equitable tax reform
How was Spain’s royal finance in the late-1500s to mid-1600s
Spain was Drowning in debt. They had made a bad investment in a lot of exploration vessels from the such and french and were not getting a return on investment
What changes did the duke of Sully and king henry make to France’s Transportation?
Nation-Wide Highways, Canals linked to major rivers, and the Canal du Midi, a canal that linked the Mediterranean and Atlantic.
Who assassinated King Henry IV
A fanatical monk who killed him for having too much religious tolerance.
Who ruled after king henry’s death?
Marie de Medici ruled as regent until
their son, Louis XIII came of age.
How did Louis XIV keep aristocicy out of the governmen
recruited cheif ministers from the middle class
T/F Louis continued the intendant system begun by Richelieu
T
why was parlimet fearful of resisiting Louis XIV
they didn’t want to repeat the failure of the fronde
T/F King Louis XIV considered Frances General
no
What was the most impressive palace in Europe
Versailles Palace
why was Versailles Palace considered a “pleasure prison”
Louis required nobles to live at the palace several months out of the year, however they were entertained while they were there
What was the relationship between Louis XIV and the pope
Louis did not allow the pope to exercise political power in the French church
what was the effect of king Loui’s revocking of the Edict of Fountainbleau
Huguenots los their right to practice Calvinism, many fled france
Jansenists
Catholics who held some Calvinist views
Mercantilism
state control over a country’s economy
Bullionism
a nation’s policy of accumulating as much precious metal as possible while preventin other countries from doing the same
Who was the French minister at the height of mercantilism
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
