Digestion: Protein (M2) Flashcards
essential amino acids
histidine
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
methionine
phenylalanine
threonine
tryptophan
valine
what are amino acids
building blocks of proteins
what do amino acids form and how
join together in peptide bond to form peptides and polypeptides
what are the 3d shapes peptides and polypeptides can take on through various bonds
hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
van der waals interactions
hydrophobic interactions
disulfide bridges
where does protein digestion begin
stomach
what is gastric juice
ph 1.3 - 3.5
stomach acid denatures proteins.
pepsin hydrolyzes peptide bonds
what do stomach parietal cells produce
carbonic acid (H2CO3) from water (H20) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
what does carbonic acid spontaneously dissociate into
hydrogen ion (H+) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3^-)
what does an anion exchanger protein do
transports bicarbonate ion (HCO3^-) out of the cell and chloride ion (Cl-) into the cell
what forms hydrochloric acid (HCl)
hydrogen ion (H+) bonds with chloride ion (Cl-)
what does HCl do
denatures salivary amylase.
denatures proteins.
activates pepsinogen to pepsin
where does protein digestion continue after the stomach
lumen of the small intestine
what is secreted from the pancreas and what is it secreted into
bicarbonate (HCO3^-), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase.
secreted into small intestine
what is bicarbonate
buffer that neutralizes acidic stomach contents
what hydrolyzes peptide bonds
trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase
