digestion and absorption Flashcards
what is peristalsis?☁️⛈️🌩️
oesophagus contracts so food moved in one direction only
what does endopeptideases and exopeptideases do?❄️
what do they act together to produce?❄️
endo:hydrolyses peptide bonds in the centre of an amino acid
exo:hydrolyses peptide bonds between terminal amino acids
produce dipeptides and AA
why is the stomach acidic?💧
and why does it have mucus?🌻
to kill bacteria on food
so it’s the optimum pH for enzymes
mucus-to protect the living from HCL acid
what does mastication do?🌙
increases the surface area of food- increasing the speed of chemical digestion
where is bile produced, stored and released to?🌞
liver produces bile
gall bladder stores it and releases it to the small intestine
how is the small intestine adapted to absorption? (of glucose, AA,etc) 🌜🌛
the villi have a large SA:VR
microvilli increase SA
strong blood supply- short diff pathway
muscular walls- contract to maintain the diffusion gradient
thin walls- small diff distance
amylase breaks down starch into what?
maltase breaks down maltose into what?
where’s amylase produced?
where’s maltase produced?🌆🫶
amylase breaks down starch into maltose
it’s produced in the mouth&pancreas
maltase breaks down maltose into alpha glucose
it’s produced in the ileum&smallintestine
process of lipid digestion🤍
blue salts emulsify lipid droplets
forms micelles
triglyc + FA hydrolysed to monoglycerides by pancreatic lipase
now are polar so diffuse thru bilayer
travel to endoplasmic retic which resynthesizes them back to triglyc
packed into chlylomicron vesicles + go to memb, removed by exocystosis to lacteal
process of co transport💐
sodium potassium pump- actively transports K+ into cell and NA+ out
lower NA+ conc outside cell- conc gradient
co transport- NA+ can diffuse in and brings glucose w it
facilitated diff- glucose leaves by fac diff
