Digestion & Absorption Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is amylase produced and secreted?

A
  • produced in salivary glands and pancreas

- pancreas secretes amylase into small intestine

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2
Q

What is the function of amylase?

A

To hydrolyse starch into maltose

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3
Q

What are membrane-bound disaccharides?

A
  • enzymes that hydrolyse disaccharides to monosaccharides

- maltase, sucrase & lactase

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4
Q

Where are membrane-bound disaccharides found?

A

Present in the membrane of the small intestine

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5
Q

What is the function of lipase?

A

To hydrolyse lipids to monoglycerides + fatty acids

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6
Q

Where are lipases found?

A

In the small intestine

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7
Q

What are some adaptations in the break down of lipids?

A
  • bile salts emulsify lipids so they have a larger surface area for hydrolysis
  • products can remain associated with bile salts to form micelles
  • micelles travel to the ileum + are broken down when in contact with epithelium so products diffuse straight into epithelium
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8
Q

What is the function of protease?

A

To hydrolyse proteins into amino acids

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of proteases?

A

Endopeptidases
Exopeptidases
Membrane-bound dipeptidases

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10
Q

What are some examples of endopeptidases?

A

Trypsin, chymotrypsin + pepsin

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11
Q

What do endopeptidases do?

A

Hydrolyse peptide bonds in the middle region of the polypeptide chain

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12
Q

What do exopeptidases do?

A

Hydrolyse emptied bonds on terminal amino acids

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13
Q

What do membrane-bound dipeptidases do?

A

Hydrolyse dipeptidases into 2 amino acids

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14
Q

What is the sodium-potassium pump

A

A protein pump that transports sodium ions out of the cell + potassium ions into the cell

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15
Q

What does the sodium-potassium pump maintain?

A
  • higher concentration of Na ions outside the cell
  • higher concentration of K ions inside the cell
  • also helps stabilise cells membrane potential
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16
Q

What is the basic cycle of the Na-K pump?

A

Uses ATP to transport Na ions + K ions across the cell membrane

17
Q

What is the first step of the sodium-potassium pump?

A
  • 3 Na ions bind to the pump
  • 2 K ions are released from the pump
  • ATP binds to the pump releasing a phosphate ion to create ADP
  • causes a conformational change
18
Q

What is the second step in the sodium-potassium pump cycle?

A
  • Na ions are released into extra cellular fluid
  • at the same time the pump binds 2 K ions
  • prompts another conformational change so pump returns to its original configuration