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Nutrition > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

List the roles of the digestive system?

A

Mechanical or chemical breakdown
Moves food through the system
Absorption of water, electrolytes and nutrients
Waste excretion

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2
Q

Role of the mouth in the digestive system?

A 
Mechanical digestion (chewing)
Chemical digestion (salivary amylase) - carbs only
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3
Q

Role of the oesophagus in the digestive system?

A

Smooth muscle to move the food

Peristalsis of the bolus

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4
Q

Role of the stomach in the digestive system?

A

Churning of food from smooth muscle

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5
Q

Describe the different enzymes and acids in the stomach?

A

Gastric lipase and pepsin = breakdown of fats and proteins
Hydrochloric acid = allows enzymes to work
Gastrin = regulates acid secretion

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6
Q

What are the dimensions of the stomach?

A

15-30 cm long

50 ml - 4 litres volume

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7
Q

Role of the small intestine in the digestive system?

A

Breakdown of nutrients
Villi increase surface area - absorption of carbs and proteins
Lymphatic nodes - absorption of fats

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8
Q

Size of the small intestine?

A 
25 m long
3 sections (1. Duodenum 2. Jejeum 3. Illium)
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9
Q

Function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

A

Final stages of digestion
Small amounts of absorption (mostly water from remaining food)
1.5 m long

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10
Q

Function of the liver?

A 
Secretes bile
Fat digestion
Stores carbs
Aids metabolism
Stores vitamins/iron
Destroys old blood cells
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11
Q

Function of the gallbladder?

A

Secretes bile into the small intestine

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12
Q

Function of the pancreas?

A

Gland under the stomach
Pancreatic juices to breakdown of the large molecules
Neutralises acidity
Release of insulin and glucagon

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13
Q

Recommended portions of veg?

A

3-5 per day

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14
Q

Recommended portion of fruit?

A

2-4 per day

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15
Q

Recommended portion of grains/potatoes?

A

4-6

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16
Q

Recommended portion of proteins?

A

2-4

17
Q

Recommended portion of healthy fats?

A

1-2

18
Q

Sedentary cals?

A

2200 men

1600 women

19
Q

Moderate activity cals?

A

2500 men

2000 women

20
Q

Active cals?

A

2800 men

2200 women

21
Q

Very active cals?

A

3000 men

2800 women

22
Q

What is the Schofield calculation?

A

Uses weight, age and gender to calculate the basic metabolism rate

23
Q

Function of insoluble fibre?

A 
Holds water (feel fuller for longer)
Lowers blood cholesterol 
Maintains strength of the digestive muscles
24
Q

Function of soluble fibre?

A

Lowers blood cholestrol

Slows gastric emptying (fuller for longer)

25
Q

Examples of insoluble fibre?

A

Wholegrains

26
Q

Examples of soluble fibre?

A

Oats, beans, fruit, veg

Nutrition (9 decks)

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