Digestion

Question 1

List the roles of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Mechanical or chemical breakdown
Moves food through the system
Absorption of water, electrolytes and nutrients
Waste excretion

Question 2

Role of the mouth in the digestive system?

Answer 2

Mechanical digestion (chewing)
Chemical digestion (salivary amylase) - carbs only

Question 3

Role of the oesophagus in the digestive system?

Answer 3

Smooth muscle to move the food

Peristalsis of the bolus

Question 4

Role of the stomach in the digestive system?

Answer 4

Churning of food from smooth muscle

Question 5

Describe the different enzymes and acids in the stomach?

Answer 5

Gastric lipase and pepsin = breakdown of fats and proteins
Hydrochloric acid = allows enzymes to work
Gastrin = regulates acid secretion

Question 6

What are the dimensions of the stomach?

Answer 6

15-30 cm long

50 ml - 4 litres volume

Question 7

Role of the small intestine in the digestive system?

Answer 7

Breakdown of nutrients
Villi increase surface area - absorption of carbs and proteins
Lymphatic nodes - absorption of fats

Question 8

Size of the small intestine?

Answer 8

25 m long
3 sections (1. Duodenum 2. Jejeum 3. Illium)

Question 9

Function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

Answer 9

Final stages of digestion
Small amounts of absorption (mostly water from remaining food)
1.5 m long

Question 10

Function of the liver?

Answer 10

Secretes bile
Fat digestion
Stores carbs
Aids metabolism
Stores vitamins/iron
Destroys old blood cells

Question 11

Function of the gallbladder?

Answer 11

Secretes bile into the small intestine

Question 12

Function of the pancreas?

Answer 12

Gland under the stomach
Pancreatic juices to breakdown of the large molecules
Neutralises acidity
Release of insulin and glucagon

Question 13

Recommended portions of veg?

Answer 13

3-5 per day

Question 14

Recommended portion of fruit?

Answer 14

2-4 per day

Question 15

Recommended portion of grains/potatoes?

Answer 15

4-6

Question 16

Recommended portion of proteins?

Answer 16

2-4

Question 17

Recommended portion of healthy fats?

Answer 17

1-2

Question 18

Sedentary cals?

Answer 18

2200 men

1600 women

Question 19

Moderate activity cals?

Answer 19

2500 men

2000 women

Question 20

Active cals?

Answer 20

2800 men

2200 women

Question 21

Very active cals?

Answer 21

3000 men

2800 women

Question 22

What is the Schofield calculation?

Answer 22

Uses weight, age and gender to calculate the basic metabolism rate

Question 23

Function of insoluble fibre?

Answer 23

Holds water (feel fuller for longer)
Lowers blood cholesterol 
Maintains strength of the digestive muscles

Question 24

Function of soluble fibre?

Answer 24

Lowers blood cholestrol

Slows gastric emptying (fuller for longer)

Question 25

Examples of insoluble fibre?

Answer 25

Wholegrains

Question 26

Examples of soluble fibre?

Answer 26

Oats, beans, fruit, veg