Digestion

Question 1

Define digestion

Answer 1

Process of breaking down foods

Question 2

Define ingestion

Answer 2

Process of taking in food

Question 3

Define the process of peristalsis

Answer 3

Squeezing muscle that push food through

Question 4

What 2 things are involved in digestion?

Answer 4

Hormones and enzymes

Question 5

Explain the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients in digestion

Answer 5

Macronutrients are broken down to smaller molecules

Micronutrients are “released” from food during digestion but mostly not broken down

Question 6

What happens to macronutrients when they are absorbed?

Answer 6

They are metabolised for energy and muscle building

Question 7

What are undigested residues collected as at the end of the process?

Answer 7

As stool

Question 8

Explain the process of ingestion

Answer 8

Food is chewed into smaller pieces

Question 9

How many teeth do humans have?

Answer 9

32

Question 10

When salivary glands produce saliva, which enzyme is created?

Answer 10

Amylase

Question 11

What does the enzyme amylase break down?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates

Question 12

What is the entire GIT ringed with?

Answer 12

Circular and longitudal muscles

Question 13

What are the muscle in the GIT called?

Answer 13

Peristalsis and sphincter

Question 14

What is the function of peristalsis?

Answer 14

Moves bolus of food through digestive tract

Question 15

What is the function of the sphincter muscles?

Answer 15

Contract movement from 1 section to another

Question 16

Which 2 types of digestion occur in the stomach?

Answer 16

Physical and chemical

Question 17

What 2 proteins assist in chemical digestion in the stomach?

Answer 17

HCL and pepsin

Question 18

Define HCL’s role

Answer 18

Acid that protects us from eating harmful bacteria

Question 19

Define the role of mucus in the stomach

Answer 19

Helps protect stomach getting eaten by HCL

Question 20

What makes the stomach acidic?

Answer 20

Chyme

Question 21

What is the valve that goes from the small intestine to the large intestine?

Answer 21

Illoecal valve

Question 22

Where does most water get dissolved, as well as the reabsorption of water and minerals?

Answer 22

In the large intestine

Question 23

Where are faeces stored and formed?

Answer 23

In the large intestine

Question 24

Define bacterial fermentation and where it happens

Answer 24

Happens in the large intestine and digests bits of food that the small intestine hasnt

Question 25

What are nutrients absorbed by?

Answer 25

The epithelial cell

Question 26

What do nutrients travel via to get to the liver?

Answer 26

The hepatic portal vein

Question 27

What is the liver known for?

Answer 27

The body’s major metabolic organ

Question 28

Which system do large fats and fat soluble vitamins enter?

Answer 28

The lymphatic system

Question 29

Where do nutrients go from the lymphatic system?

Answer 29

Into the blood

Question 30

Which organ does celiac disease impact?

Answer 30

Small intestine

Question 31

What impact does celiac disease cause for the small intestine?

Answer 31

The lining of the small intestine become inflamed and damaged

Question 32

What does celiac disease to do villi and what is its importance to villi?

Answer 32

It damages the villi and therefore decreases the absorption of nutrients

Question 33

Define celiac disease

Answer 33

A permanent intestinal reaction to dietary gluten

Question 34

What impact does chrons disease cause to the digestive system?

Answer 34

Thickening and inflamamtion

Question 35

Define probiotics

Answer 35

Bacteria found in foods like yoghurt, kimchi and kombucha

Question 36

Define prebiotics

Answer 36

Found in foods such as dietary fibre used by the intestinal tract

Question 37

Define the villi function

Answer 37

Absorbs nutrients