Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Define digestion

A

Process of breaking down foods

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2
Q

Define ingestion

A

Process of taking in food

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3
Q

Define the process of peristalsis

A

Squeezing muscle that push food through

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4
Q

What 2 things are involved in digestion?

A

Hormones and enzymes

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5
Q

Explain the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients in digestion

A

Macronutrients are broken down to smaller molecules

Micronutrients are “released” from food during digestion but mostly not broken down

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6
Q

What happens to macronutrients when they are absorbed?

A

They are metabolised for energy and muscle building

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7
Q

What are undigested residues collected as at the end of the process?

A

As stool

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8
Q

Explain the process of ingestion

A

Food is chewed into smaller pieces

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9
Q

How many teeth do humans have?

A

32

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10
Q

When salivary glands produce saliva, which enzyme is created?

A

Amylase

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11
Q

What does the enzyme amylase break down?

A

Carbohydrates

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12
Q

What is the entire GIT ringed with?

A

Circular and longitudal muscles

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13
Q

What are the muscle in the GIT called?

A

Peristalsis and sphincter

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14
Q

What is the function of peristalsis?

A

Moves bolus of food through digestive tract

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15
Q

What is the function of the sphincter muscles?

A

Contract movement from 1 section to another

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16
Q

Which 2 types of digestion occur in the stomach?

A

Physical and chemical

17
Q

What 2 proteins assist in chemical digestion in the stomach?

A

HCL and pepsin

18
Q

Define HCL’s role

A

Acid that protects us from eating harmful bacteria

19
Q

Define the role of mucus in the stomach

A

Helps protect stomach getting eaten by HCL

20
Q

What makes the stomach acidic?

21
Q

What is the valve that goes from the small intestine to the large intestine?

A

Illoecal valve

22
Q

Where does most water get dissolved, as well as the reabsorption of water and minerals?

A

In the large intestine

23
Q

Where are faeces stored and formed?

A

In the large intestine

24
Q

Define bacterial fermentation and where it happens

A

Happens in the large intestine and digests bits of food that the small intestine hasnt

25
What are nutrients absorbed by?
The epithelial cell
26
What do nutrients travel via to get to the liver?
The hepatic portal vein
27
What is the liver known for?
The body's major metabolic organ
28
Which system do large fats and fat soluble vitamins enter?
The lymphatic system
29
Where do nutrients go from the lymphatic system?
Into the blood
30
Which organ does celiac disease impact?
Small intestine
31
What impact does celiac disease cause for the small intestine?
The lining of the small intestine become inflamed and damaged
32
What does celiac disease to do villi and what is its importance to villi?
It damages the villi and therefore decreases the absorption of nutrients
33
Define celiac disease
A permanent intestinal reaction to dietary gluten
34
What impact does chrons disease cause to the digestive system?
Thickening and inflamamtion
35
Define probiotics
Bacteria found in foods like yoghurt, kimchi and kombucha
36
Define prebiotics
Found in foods such as dietary fibre used by the intestinal tract
37
Define the villi function
Absorbs nutrients