Carbohydrates Flashcards
What do carbohydrates consist of?
Starches, sugars, dietary fibre and glycogen
List some sources of carbohydrates in the diet
Bread, pasta, potatoes
What is the ADMR for carbohydrates?
45-65%
What 3 monosaccharides make up the basic building blocks of carbohydrates?
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What are carbs eventually converted to?
Glucose
What are 2 single sugars put together called?
Disaccharides
What is glucose known as?
Essential energy source
What is fructose known as?
Sweetest tasting
What is galactose known as?
Rarely occurs naturally as a single sugar
Which 3 disaccharides make up carbohydrates?
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
What does maltose consist of?
Glucose + glucose
What does sucrose consist of?
Glucose + fructose
What does lactose consist of?
Glucose + galactose
Define oligosaccharides
Few glucose units
Define polysaccharides
Many glucose units
Define glycogen
Storage form of glucose in body
Glycogen function
Rapid release of energy when needed
Define starch
Storage form of energy in plants
What foods are starch found in?
Plants, grains, legumes
Define dietary fibre
Plant matter that cant be digested in the small intestine
Dietary fibre function
Laxation, reduces blood cholesterol and modulates blood glucose levels
Why are non starch polysaccharides not broken down by enzymes in the small intestine?
Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors
Define intrinsic factor
Physically innaccessable
Define extrinsic factor
Chewing and transit time
