diets/ eating disorders Flashcards
popular diets
fat, carb, protein
- low fat- reduced calorie most popular with professionals
-low carb (20-60/d)
> reduced glycogen stores/ initial loss Is water in cells, AHA has concerns with this type (nutrient deficiencies, at 12 months weight loss same as with healthy diet)
-restricted calorie/ carb, increased protein
high fat diet
high protein diet
- less effect on fullness
- lower thermogenic effect (easy to digest fats)
-.8g/kg >
-increased satiety + thermogenesis
>maintain fat free mass, continues metabolic burn
-30% of total calories- deemed safe over long periods time
detox diet
fad diet
-cautioned, >60% people regain lost weight and more
-unreasonable claim to eat/ avoid specifics. claim food or sup will cause positive effect for current issue
>short term problem- physical harmfrom delayed professional help
>long term- damage/ cost of recovery treatment
commercial diets
pharmacological weight loss
- can be effective, accountability/ structure/ improved results
- meds- block absorptions/ increase thermo- suppress appetite
pharmacological examples
- orlistat (Xenical)- prevent fat absorption (diahhrea, loss fat soluble vitamins, abdominal pain, increased carb absorption
- fen-phen- reduced appetite- dangerous cardiac issues- banned
- sibutramine- (meridian) reduce appetite/ increase energy, increase norepinephrine/ serotonin activity- reduce hunger- improve tri/ bp/ hdl
GI
Fasting
- high GI = spike = overeating
- no real wt change w/ GI tracking but improved LDL
-fat loss, loss lean tissue, drop in BMR, nutrient deficient
wt loss- surgery
-boriatric surgery- failed at other options, in danger, morbidly obese
>most effective (adjustable band on stomach
-gastric bypass (RYGB)- staple or remove section of stomach, bypass duodenum, section of SI to limit absorption
-regain 46-63% after 2nd year
eating disorder definition
disturbances in eating behavior or methods to control weight that contribute to impairment in physical and mental health, not related to another medical or psychiatric disturbance.
% with disorder (AN, BN, BE)
anorexia nervosa m- .3 f-
bulimia nervosa m- .5 f- 1.5
binge eating m- 2 f- 3.5
binge eating
-eating more rapidly, till uncomfortably full, without hunger, alone, guilt + disgust
> 2x/wk> for 3 mos, 1x/wk for 6 mos
-psychological dependence + addiction
-unable deal w/ stress
- rise in cortisol may contribute to overeating
- unable to detect hunger
bulimia nervosa definition
-recurrent episodes binge eating- loss of control
> comiting, excessive exercise, fasting, laxative use
> concern for weight gain/ desire lose weight, preoccupation with food
bulimia nervosa triggers
complications
- history childhood obesity
- comments from family regarding weight
- high negative emotionally, stress reactivity, increased risk substance abuse
- improper nutrition, cardiac abnormality/failure GERD
anorexia nervosa definition
outline
types
- extreme wt loss, drive for thinness (wt conscious sports)
- highest mortality rate and #1 among females 15-24
- 15% below normal weight
- impaired perception self image
- amenorrhea (missed 3+ periods), loss sex drive
2 types: restrictive- not binge or purge, or binge purge type
anorexia nervosa contributing
signs
results of action
- genetics has identified as contributing factor, perfectionism, puberty, media as factors
- wt loss, elimination specific foods, focus on ‘safe’ foods, fear of fatness, denial hunger, desire thinness
- mask results with loose fitting clothes, withdraw
-brittle hair, lanugo hair, cyanosis, dry skin, nutritional imbalance, cardiac abnormalities, gastro issues, missed periods, osteopenia/porosis
anxiety and eating disorders
depression
- body dissatisfaction- may not even be actually overweight, perception of overweight and low self esteem (depression predictor for obesity)
- BN- likely alcohol and polysubstance abuse
- AN + binge purge- OCD, PTSD, Schitzo
- all- depression
