diet and health problems

Question 1

Define malnutrition

Answer 1

Caused by excessive or insufficient intake of nutrients.

1. Over-nutrition: obesity, CHD and diabetes
2. Under-nutrition: Osteoporosis, Anaemia

Question 2

explain OBESITY (1) and the prevention (4)

Answer 2

obesity:

1. Caused by excessive calories and sedentary lifestyle = Excessive storage of body fat. Lower life expectancy and increase risk of diabetes, CHD and hypertension.

Prevention:

1. Eat small, frequent meals.
2. Increase intake of dietary fibre.
3. Reduce sugar and fat intake = lesser excessive calories to be stored as fats.
4. Exercise regularly.

Question 3

explain HYPERTENSION (3) and prevention (3)

Answer 3

hypertension:

1. Blood pumped at persistently high pressure. This exerts unnecessary force on the blood vessels & heart.
2. Caused by consuming a lot of sodium = retains more fluid= increase volume of blood. = exerts higher pressure on the vessels = higher blood pressure.
3. Eat too much trans and saturated fats = narrow & hardened blood vessels.

Prevention:

1. Reduce intake of salt = lower fluid retention.
2. Reduce intake of saturated fat.
3. Exercise regularly.

Question 4

explain TYPE 2 DIABETES (3) and prevention (3)

Answer 4

diabetes: Glucose levels too high over prolonged time.

1. Unable of absorb glucose because insulin (absorbs glucose) does not react.
2. Family background, physically inactive & obese increase chance of diabetes.

Prevention:
1. Eat more wholegrain, regulates release of glucose into blood stream.

2. Reduce intake of sugar and saturated fat = lower chance of obesity = lower chance of diabetes.
3. Exercise regularly.

Question 5

explain CHD (3) and prevention (2)

Answer 5

CHD: Blockage of coronary arteries and prevent O2 from going to heart.

1. Family history, obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension and diabetes increase risk of CHD.
2. Diets high in cholesterol, saturated and trans fats increase level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol which clogs the arteries.

Prevention:

1. Eat more fruits and vegetables as they are low in fat and contain essential nutrients. Contains fibre = increase satiety = no overeating = no obesity = no CHD
2. Monounsaturated over saturated and trans. Increase high-density lipoprotein = lower risk of CHD

Question 6

explain DEHYDRATION (3) and prevention (1)

Answer 6

dehydration:
1. elderly less sensitive to thirst & kidney not capable of conserving water.

2. Sick people
3. People who sweat a lot.

Prevention:

1. Consume enough water, fruits and vegetables to increase water levels.

Question 7

explain HEAT STROKE (1) and prevention (3)

Answer 7

heat stroke: not being able to remove heat frm body fast enough.

Prevention:
1. Drink enough water.
2. Rest at cool and airy places.
3. West lightweight clothes in hot and humid places.

Question 8

explain CONSTIPATION and prevention (1)

Answer 8

constipation:
1. infrequent bowel movements/ difficulty in passing out stools.

2. due to insufficient consumption of dietary fibre and water.

Prevention:

1. Consume fibre rich foods and drink enough water.

Question 9

explain OSTEOPOROSIS and prevention (3)

Answer 9

osteoporosis:

1. low bone density = low bone minerals (low vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus intake) and weakened bone strength.
2. develops when bone cell removal occurs too quickly and replacement occurs too slowly. = bone bcm fragile and weak = osteo.

Prevention:

1. Eat more calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D and stay physically active to maximise bone density.

Question 10

explain ANAEMIA and prevention (2)

Answer 10

anaemia: RBC count lower than normal

1. Blood loss, insufficient iron intake and poor iron absorption = iron deficiency
2. Women greater risk due to menstruation and pregnant women as they need more iron to produce haemo for foetus.

Prevention:

1. Eat well balanced meal that includes iron rich foods.
2. Increase intake of Vitamin C to increase iron absorption.