Diencephalon (Quiz 4) Flashcards
The diencephalon is between the….
Cerebral hemispheres
The medial surface of the diencephalon forms the…
3rd ventricle
Nearly all connections of the diencephalon use the…
Internal capsule
What are the 4 parts of the diencephalon?
Final q
1) epithalamus (pineal gland)
2) thalamus (dorsal thalamus)
3) subthalamus
4) hypothalamus
Thalamus means…
Inner chamber
What is the only region of the diencephalon that can be seen without dissection?
Mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus and the infundibular stalk to the pituitary gland
What forms an evagination from the roof of the diencephalon?
Pineal gland
What cells are found in the pineal gland?
Pinealocytes
What part of the diencephalon is this?
-attached to diencephalon by a stalk
-caudally is the posterior commissure
-rostrally a swelling bilaterally- habenula
Epithalamus
Mammalian pineal glands are an endocrine gland. The pineal gland regulates…
Seasonal cycles and circadian rhythms
It also has sexual development function- precocious puberty, hypogonadism
The habenula contains the _____________ nuclei. These nuclei receive input from the thalamus via the __________________. One of the outputs is the habenulointerpeduncular tract to the interpeduncular nuclei between cerebral peduncles
habenular, stria medullaris
The fibers through the habenula connect the _____________ and limbic system to the brainstem reticular formation. This can promote the release of biogenic amines from the TF and have a role in reward value to stimuli
basal nuclei
Habenula to RF releases ____________ and ____________ feeling of enjoyment. There is some evidence that low activity in the habenula may play a role in depression
dopamine, serotonin
What is Ha?
habenula
What is PB?
pineal body
What is SM?
stria medullaris of thalamus (axons connecting thalamus to habenula)
What is Th?
thalamus
What is V3?
3rd ventricle
What is Ha?
habenula
What is PB?
pineal body
What is SCo?
superior colliculus
What is SM?
stria medullaris of thalamus
What is Th?
thalamus
The subthalamus is a continuation of the….
midbrain tegmentum
The subthalamus contains rostral portions of the….
red nucleus and substantia nigra
What nuclei are found in the subthalamus?
subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta (ZI)
The subthalamic nucleus is interconnected with the….
basal nuclei
note: this is an essential part of the indirect pathway underlying basal nuclear function (motor). Subthalamic neurons use the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, but are generally inhibited. The inhibition is lost in Parkinson’s
