Brainstem (Exam 1) Flashcards
What is the most caudal part of the brainstem?
medulla oblongata
Which part of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord and the pons?
medulla oblongata
Pyramids are on the anterior external medulla. They are a bundle of axons all going down with motor function. They are a part of what tract?
corticospinal tract
What cranial nerves are found on the external medulla?
CN 8-12
What is the most caudal part of the ventricular system?
4th ventricle
What separates the 2 pyramids?
anterior median fissure
Which sulcus has the roots for CN XII?
anterolateral sulcus
The anterior median fissure is interrupted by the….
pyramidal decussation
In the rostral medulla, just posterior to the anterolateral sulcus the column here is enlarged to form a swelling called the __________. Just behind it is CN IX and X emerging
olive
The caudal/closed medulla has a _______________ continuous with the spinal cord
central canal
The rostral/open medulla forms the….
4th ventricle
What is the 4th ventricle apex called?
obex
The posterior medulla has 2 large ascending tracts- fasiculus gracilis (medial) and fasciclus cuneatus (lateral). The gracilie and cuneate tubercles represent underlying nuclei and the ______________ of these tracts
termination
Which CN nuclei make swelling called trigones?
CN XII and X
Which tract has axons running below T6?
fasciculus gracilis (and fasciculus cuneatus has axons running above T6)
The floor of the 4th ventricle forms a ____________ cavity
rhomboidal
The inferior olive is a major source of input to the…..
cerebellum
The olivocerebellar fibers ascend and enter the cerebellum through ______________________
inferior cerebellar peduncles (this connects the medulla to cerebellum)
What is the largest peduncle?
middle cerebellar peduncle
What is the sulcus that houses the basilar artery?
sulcus basalaris
CN VI and VII enter and emerge at the ____________________ at the bulbopontine sulcus
pontomedullary junction
The central canal in the midbrain is the _________________ which is continuous with the 3rd and 4th ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
The ventral surface of the midbrain has 2 cerebral peduncles which are separated by the ____________________. This fossa is where CN III emerges from with numerous blood vessels
interpeduncular fossa
What is the function of the superior colliculus?
visual reflexes
What is the function of the inferior colliculus?
auditory reflexes
The _______________ of the inferior colliculus is a broad band from the inferior colliculus to the thalamus and a continuation of auditory pathways
brachium
What CN is the smallest and the only one to exit through the posterior brainstem?
CN IV trochlear n.
What is A?
periaqueductal gray (PAG)
What is B?
cerebral aqueduct
What is C?
red nucleus
What section is this?
caudal medulla (near spinal cord)
What section is this?
caudal medulla (below obex)
What section is this?
rostral medulla
What section is this?
caudal pons
Which section is this?
rostral pons
What section is this?
caudal midbrain
What section is this?
rostral midbrain
