Brainstem (Exam 1)

Question 1

What is the most caudal part of the brainstem?

Answer 1

medulla oblongata

Question 2

Which part of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord and the pons?

Answer 2

medulla oblongata

Question 3

Pyramids are on the anterior external medulla. They are a bundle of axons all going down with motor function. They are a part of what tract?

Answer 3

corticospinal tract

Question 4

What cranial nerves are found on the external medulla?

Answer 4

CN 8-12

Question 5

What is the most caudal part of the ventricular system?

Answer 5

4th ventricle

Question 6

What separates the 2 pyramids?

Answer 6

anterior median fissure

Question 7

Which sulcus has the roots for CN XII?

Answer 7

anterolateral sulcus

Question 8

The anterior median fissure is interrupted by the….

Answer 8

pyramidal decussation

Question 9

In the rostral medulla, just posterior to the anterolateral sulcus the column here is enlarged to form a swelling called the __________. Just behind it is CN IX and X emerging

Answer 9

olive

Question 10

The caudal/closed medulla has a _______________ continuous with the spinal cord

Answer 10

central canal

Question 11

The rostral/open medulla forms the….

Answer 11

4th ventricle

Question 12

What is the 4th ventricle apex called?

Answer 12

obex

Question 13

The posterior medulla has 2 large ascending tracts- fasiculus gracilis (medial) and fasciclus cuneatus (lateral). The gracilie and cuneate tubercles represent underlying nuclei and the ______________ of these tracts

Answer 13

termination

Question 14

Which CN nuclei make swelling called trigones?

Answer 14

CN XII and X

Question 15

Which tract has axons running below T6?

Answer 15

fasciculus gracilis (and fasciculus cuneatus has axons running above T6)

Question 16

The floor of the 4th ventricle forms a ____________ cavity

Answer 16

rhomboidal

Question 17

The inferior olive is a major source of input to the…..

Answer 17

cerebellum

Question 18

The olivocerebellar fibers ascend and enter the cerebellum through ______________________

Answer 18

inferior cerebellar peduncles (this connects the medulla to cerebellum)

Question 19

What is the largest peduncle?

Answer 19

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 20

What is the sulcus that houses the basilar artery?

Answer 20

sulcus basalaris

Question 21

CN VI and VII enter and emerge at the ____________________ at the bulbopontine sulcus

Answer 21

pontomedullary junction

Question 22

The central canal in the midbrain is the _________________ which is continuous with the 3rd and 4th ventricle

Answer 22

cerebral aqueduct

Question 23

The ventral surface of the midbrain has 2 cerebral peduncles which are separated by the ____________________. This fossa is where CN III emerges from with numerous blood vessels

Answer 23

interpeduncular fossa

Question 24

What is the function of the superior colliculus?

Answer 24

visual reflexes

Question 25

What is the function of the inferior colliculus?

Answer 25

auditory reflexes

Question 26

The _______________ of the inferior colliculus is a broad band from the inferior colliculus to the thalamus and a continuation of auditory pathways

Answer 26

brachium

Question 27

What CN is the smallest and the only one to exit through the posterior brainstem?

Answer 27

CN IV trochlear n.

Question 28

What is A?

Answer 28

periaqueductal gray (PAG)

Question 29

What is B?

Answer 29

cerebral aqueduct

Question 30

What is C?

Answer 30

red nucleus

Question 31

What section is this?

Answer 31

caudal medulla (near spinal cord)

Question 32

What section is this?

Answer 32

caudal medulla (below obex)

Question 33

What section is this?

Answer 33

rostral medulla

Question 34

What section is this?

Answer 34

caudal pons

Question 35

Which section is this?

Answer 35

rostral pons

Question 36

What section is this?

Answer 36

caudal midbrain

Question 37

What section is this?

Answer 37

rostral midbrain