Diarrhoea and vomiting Flashcards
Mechanical causes of vomiting
Proximal valve defect
Over filling of stomach
Obstruction
Local causes of vomiting
GI infection
GI intoxication
Systemic causes of vomiting
Infection Pyrexia Raised ICP Metabolic disease Intoxication
Acute causes of diarrhoea
Gastroenteritis
Abx
Toxins
Systemic infection
Categories of chronic diarrhoea
Non pathological Malabsorption Inflammation Infection Other - overflow in constipation
Non pathological causes of chronic diarrhoea
Toddler diarrhoea
Malabsorption causes of chronic diarrhoea
CF
Coeliac
Lactose intolerance
Inflammation causes of chronic diarrhoea
Crohn’s
Cow’s milk protein intolerance
UC
Infective causes of chronic diarrhoea
Giardia
Complications of vomiting
Dehydration Acid base imbalance Electrolyte imbalance Distress Infectious risk
Definition of mild dehydration
< 5%
Definition of moderate dehydration
5%
Definition of severe dehydration
10%
Signs of mild dehydration
Generally normal
Signs of moderate dehydration
Drowsy Normal skin colour ↓ skin turgor Slightly sunken fontanelle Slightly sunken eyes Oligouria
Signs of severe dehydration
May be unconscious Mottled/pale ↓↓ skin tugor Depressed fontanelle Sunken eyes Anuric
GORD
Common
Mx of GORD
Elevation of cot Frequent feeds Feed thickeners Antacids Surgery
Presentation of pyloric stenosis
Projectile vomiting after feed Hungry after vomiting Constipated Palpable "olive" mass Failure to thrive
Mx of pyloric stenosis
Rehydration - resolves with age
Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy - if severe
Hormones stimulating gastric secretion
ACh
Histamine
Gastrin
Hormones inhibiting gastric secretion
Somatostatin
Dysentery def
infectious diarrhoea
