Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1- GIT Medicine > Diarrheal Diseases > Flashcards

Diarrheal Diseases Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Git Commands flashcards
1
Q

Diarrheal dx definition

A

Group of disease with diarrhea as main symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diarrhea definition

A

Passing of watery stool more than 3 times / day
Or
Increase stool weight above 300g per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chronic diarrhea definition

A

Diarrhea more than 30 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is dysentery

A

Blood and mucoid stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is acute gastroenteritis

A

Diarrhea with constitutional symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 ways to classify diarrhea

A

Acute or chronic
Infection or non infectious etiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is acute diarrhea

A

Less than 14 days of diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is persistent diarrhea

A

More than 14 days of diarrhea but less than 30 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is chronic diarrhea

A

Diarrhea more than 30 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

infectious causes of diarrhea

A

Viral => norovirus , rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus

Bacteria => Salmonella, campylobacter, shigella , E. coli, C. difficile , staph, b. Cereus…

Protozoan => cryptosporidium , entamoeba , giardia , cyclospora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Non infectious causes of diarrhea

A

Lactose intolerance
Celiac disease
Non celiac gluten sensitive
Irritable bowel syndrome
Inflammatory bowel disease
Hyperthyroidism
Bile acids
Some drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Different pathologic mechanism of diarrhea

A

Inflammatory ( mucosal lining damage)
Secretory ( more water secreted by cells of the intestines than water being absorbed )
Osmotic
Exudative
Dysentery
motility related (rapid motility so less absorption )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Important clinical features to note during history about diarrhea

A

Frequency
Nature
Severity of diarrhea (use Bristol stool form scale )
Severity of infection
Site of infection
Associated symptoms
Systemic problems
Potential exposure ( food history, residence , occupation, travel, pets, hobbies )
Medical history
Drug history
Sexual history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bristol stool form scale

A

Type 1 -> separate hard lumps like nuts
Type 2 -> sausage shaped but lumpy
Type 3 -> sausage but cracks on surface
Type 4 -> sausage but smooth and soft
Type 5 -> soft blobs , clear cut edges
Type 6 -> fluffy pieces , ragged edges , mushy stools
Type 7 -> water , no solid pieces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In food history , what should you note

A

Time of Apparition of diarrhea from ingestion of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If diarrhea appeared no more than 6h after ingesting food , pathogens suspected

A

Staph aureus
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If diarrhea appeared between 8-16h after ingesting food , pathogens suspected

A

Clostridium perfrigens

18
Q

If diarrhea appeared between 12-72h after ingesting food , pathogens suspected

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Shiga toxin
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
Vibrio
Salmonella
Shigella
Campylobacter
C. difficile

19
Q

Pathogens suspected if raw seafood was consumed

A

Norovirus
Hepatitis A
Vibrios

20
Q

Pathogens suspected if raw egg was consumed

A

Salmonella

21
Q

Pathogens suspected if undercooked or raw meat or poultry was consumed

A

Salmonella
Campylobacter
EHEC
Yersinia enterolitica

22
Q

Pathogens suspected if unpasteurized milk or juice was consumed

A

Salmonella
Campylobacter
EHEC
Yersinia enterolitica

23
Q

Pathogens suspected if unpasteurized soft cheese was consumed

A

Salmonella
Campylobacter
ETEC
Yersinia enterolitica
Listeria monocytogenes

24
Q

Pathogens suspected if canned good was consumed

A

Clostridium botulinum

25
Q

Common diarrheal pathogens at day care

A

Rotavirus
Shigella
Cryptosporidium
Giardia

26
Q

Pathogen linked with antibiotic use

A

C. difficile

27
Q

Pathogens linked with nosocomial infections

A

C. difficile

28
Q

Pathogens linked with pregnancy infections

A

Listeriosis

29
Q

Pathogens linked with diarrhea in cirrhosis

A

Vibrio

30
Q

Pathogens linked with hemochromatosis infections

A

Yersinia infection

31
Q

Pathogens linked with homosexuality infections

A

Shigella
Giardia
Entamoeba

32
Q

Examination in diarrheal disease

A

Dehydration status => dry mucous membranes , dark urine, scant urine , decreased skin turgor , Orthostatic hypotension
Volume loss assessment
Abdomen exam => abdominal distension, percussion, tenderness, rebound tenderness , rigidity , signs of peritonitis , signs of ileus

33
Q

Indications for stool testing

A

Severe illness
Profuse watery diarrhea and signs of hypovolemia
Pass of more than 6 watery stool in a day
Need hospitalization
Signs of inflammatory diarrhea
Bloody diarrhea
Blood and mucus in diarrhea in small volume
High temper ( more than 38.5)
High risk host
More than 70 yo
Comorbidities
Immunocompromised
IBD
Pregnancy
More than a week symptom
Public health concerns

34
Q

Species you have to isolate in case of raw sea food ingestion

A

Vibrio in special conditions

35
Q

Investigation in case of bloody diarrhea

A

should suspect EHEC or entamoeba
Shiga toxin
Fecal leukocyte or lactofrrin and if negative should test for amoebiasis

36
Q

Test to do in case of perisistent diarrhea

A

Test for parasitic organisms like giardia , cryptosporidium, entamoeba a
Endoscopy or colonoscopy for non infectious cause

37
Q

Overall test to do in investigation

A

FBCFor inflammation and dehydration
Serum electrolyte For inflammation and dehydration
Multi pathogen molecular panel
Urine output
Bue + cr

38
Q

Management of diarrhea

A

rehydration ( ORS + IV fluid replacement )
Dietary advice
Antibiotic therapy (broad spectrum like azithro or fluoroquinolone or specific when known organisms )
Probiotic

39
Q

Infectious differentials of acute diarrhea + vomiting

A

◦ gastroenteritis
◦ C. difficile
◦ Acute diverticulitis
◦ Sepsis
◦ Pelvic inflammatory disease
◦ Meningococcaemia
◦ Pneumonia
◦ Malaria

40
Q

Non Infectious differentials of acute diarrhea + vomiting

A

◦ IBD
◦Bowel malignancy
◦ Enteral tube feeding
◦ Constipation overflow
◦ DKA
◦ Thyrotoxicosis
◦ Uremia
◦ NSAIDs
◦ Cytotoxic agents
◦ PPI
◦ Dinoflagellates
◦ Plant toxins
◦ Heavy metals

1- GIT Medicine (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions