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1- GIT Medicine > Acute Hepatitis > Flashcards

Acute Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes of viral hepatitis

A

Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
hepatitis E

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2
Q

Less common causes of viral hepatitis

A

Cytomegalovirus
Epstein bar virus

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3
Q

Rare causes of viral hepatitis

A

, herpes simplex, yellow fever

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4
Q

Clinical features of acute infection of the liver

A

Nonspecific prodromal illness
Headache
Myalgia
arthralgia
Nausea
Anorexia
2days -2 weeks after -> Jaundice with Dark urine ans pale stool
Liver tenderness,
mild hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and cervical lymphadenopathy

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5
Q

Investigation of acute hepatitis

A

Liver function tests - high serum transaminase , plasmabilirubin for liver damage extent , ALP, prolongation of PT

FBC - relative lymphocytosis, normal wbc

Serological test for origin of infection

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6
Q

General management of acute hepatitis

A

Generally no hospital care
Avoid sedatives and narcotics
Avoid alcohol during a cute illness avoid elective surgery

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7
Q

Viral group of hepatitis A

A

Picornavirus group of enterovirus

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8
Q

Mean of transmission of hepatitis A

A

Fecal oral route

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9
Q

Population at risk of hepatitis A

A

Children,
people living in overcrowded and poor sanitation areas

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10
Q

Incubation time of hepatitis A

A

 2 to 6 weeks

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11
Q

Is there a chronic or carrier states in hepatitis A?

A

No

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12
Q

Main clinical presentation of ahepatitis A

A

Asymptomatic

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13
Q

Investigation of hepatitis A

A

Anti HAV antigen igM type titres

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14
Q

Management of hepatitis A

A

Improvement of social conditions, overcrowded and poor sanitation areas

active immunization

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15
Q

Which species is the only source of infection of hepatitis B?

A

Humans

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16
Q

Most common causes of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide

A

Hepatitis B

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17
Q

Main clinical presentation of hepatitis B

A

Asymptomatic

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18
Q

What form of transmission of hepatitis B cause the highest risk of ongoing chronic infection

A

Vertical transmission from mother to child

19
Q

Complication of chronic hepatitis b

A

Cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma

20
Q

Forms of hepatitis caused by hepatitis B

A

Acute hepatitis
Nonprogressive, chronic hepatitis
Progressive, chronic hepatitis with cirrhosis
Acute hepatic failure with massive liver necrosis
Healthy asymptomatic carrier

21
Q

Incidence of hepatitis B in the world

A

1/3 of the world population

22
Q

Amount of people worldwide with chronic hepatitis B infection

A

400 million people

23
Q

Type of transmission of hepatitis B

A

Horizontal ( sexual ,needles, transfusion)
vertical

24
Q

Investigation in hepatitis B

A

serology
PCR

25
Q

Which factor is an indicator of active infection of hepatitis B?

A

HB surfàce antigen

26
Q

When can you say after investigation that there is chronic hepatitis B

A

Serum HBsAg positive longer than six months

27
Q

What does anti HBcAg ( core )

A

IgM indicates acute HBV infection

28
Q

What does HBeAg indicates

A

Active Viral replication

29
Q

Five phases of chronic hepatitis B

A

Immune tolerant phase

immune reactive, HBeAG positive, chronic hepatitis phase

inactive carrier phase

HBeAg negative,Chronic hepatitis phase

HBsAg negative phase

30
Q

How do you measure viral loads?

31
Q

Management of acute hepatitis B

A

Monitoring for acute liver failure

32
Q

Management of chronic hepatitis B

A

Oral antiviral to reduce viral load - direct acting nucleoside or nucleotide analogues (lamivudine , entecavir , tenofovir, interferon Alfa )

Liver transplant

Vaccine

33
Q

Type of virus hepatitis C

A

RNA Flavivirus

34
Q

Is acute symptomatic infection with hepatic c common or rare in pain

35
Q

Percentage of people that develop chronic hepatitis C

36
Q

Is there active or passive protection against hepatitis c

37
Q

People at risk of hepatitis c infection

A

IV. Drug abuse
multiple sex partners
surgery in past six months,
needlestick injury,
multiple contacts with HCV person,
employment in medical field
Unknown

38
Q

Risk factors for progression from chronic hepatitis C to cirrhosis

A

Male gender
, immunosuppression like in HIV
prothrombotic states
heavy alcohol misuse

39
Q

Percentage of people that develop cirrhosis after chronxi hepatitis for a long time within 20years

40
Q

Investigation in hepatitis C

A

Serum anti-HCV antibodies
Hepatitis c rna detection
Molecular analysis
LFT ( normal or fluctuating transaminases )
Liver histology by biopsy for liver fibrosis level

41
Q

Management of hepatitis c

A

Eradicate infection by direct acting antiviral agents

42
Q

Hepatitis E present in which countries

A

India
Middle East
Asia
France ( Europe )

43
Q

Which disease does hepatitis E look like in terms of clinical presentation and management

A

Hepatitis A

44
Q

How is hepatitis E different from hepatitis A?

A

Infection in Pregnancy associated with acute liver failure with high mortality

1- GIT Medicine (20 decks)

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