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Clinical 1 > Diagnosis > Flashcards

Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic process of diagnosis

A 
Examination
Provisional diagnosis
Special tests
Definitive diagnosis
Treatment
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2
Q

What are you looking for in the history

A

Symptoms

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3
Q

What can the history be broken down into

A 
CO - complaining of (symptoms)
HPC - history of present complaint (questions about the nature of it)
PMH - past medical history
PDH - past dental history
SH - social history
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4
Q

How do you obtain history on the CO

A

Ask the patient to describe the problem in their own words

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5
Q

What do you ask the patients during history of present complaint

A 
Describe the pain - scale of 1-10
Duration of the promblem
Severity
Exacerbating or relieving factors
Any other symptoms
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6
Q

What is the past medical history

A

Structured questions will lead to clear idea of patients medical status which is required for diagnosis and planing treatment
Drug history must also been acquired

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7
Q

Why is it important to find out if patient has diabetes

A

Timing of appointments may make patients at risk due to hypoglycaemia
Healing of the mouth lesions can be sloW
Periodontal tissues requires special care

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8
Q

Why is it important to find out if a patient has allergies

A

Will alert the operator to possible abnormal reactions to materials or drugs which may be used in treatment such as latex

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9
Q

Why is it important to find out if a patient has epilepsy

A

It means you should try to avoid removable options if possible
Denture design should provide excellent retention and stability to prevent tongue getting caught in edentulous spaces during seizures, preventing risk

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10
Q

Why is drug history important

A

Determines how you are going to treat patient

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11
Q

What drugs can result in dry mouth

A

Tricyclics antidepressant, antihypertensions, diuretics

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12
Q

What can dry mouth result in

A

Predisposition to damage from minor trauma
Predisposition to dental caries
Potential problems with denture retention

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13
Q

How can aspirin cause ulceration

A

If the non soluble form is used

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14
Q

What drugs can induce hyperplasia

A

Epanutin
Dilantin
Cyclosporine - used to prevent rejection of transplants

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15
Q

What should be retrieved from the past dental history

A

Patients attitude to dentistry and past dental experiences

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16
Q

What questions should be asked about a patients attitude to dentistry

A

Are you a regular attender, when was your last visit, what treatment did you have at your last visit

17
Q

What are the questions that should be asked about past dental experiences

A

Have you had any problems with dental treatment in the past

Worth recording if they have had no dental experience

18
Q

Why is social history important

A

Understanding your patients social conduct will help plan treatment in a way that will fit in with the rets of your life

19
Q

What are social conditions

A

Tobacco and alcohol consumption
Work
Stress
Being a carer

20
Q

Why should you ask if the patients is a wind instrument player

A

They may have special needs in respect to the retention of an appliance and placement of teeth

21
Q

What should be examined from when the patient walks in the door (extra oral examination)

A 
Muscles 
Joints
Nodes
Symmetry
Aesthetics
22
Q

How can you identify signs of disease or complicating factors for treatment (intra oral examination)

A

Look at soft tissues and hard tissues
Listen to the percussion by tapping the teeth
Feel for mobility and tenderness

23
Q

What are special investigations

A 
Sensitivity/vitality test
Mobility test
Radiographs
Plaque score
Biopsy
24
Q

What is a sensitivity/vitality test

A

Crucial monitoring the state of health of dental pulp

25
Q

How is cold sensitivity of teeth tested

A

Application of ethyl chloride for a few seconds to the tooth surface by means of a pellet

26
Q

What is an electric pulp test for

A

Assessing pulp vitality

Usually reliable tooth surface must be dry

27
Q

What is mobility of a tooth an indicator of

A

Bone loss around the tooth and should be accurately evaluated

28
Q

How is a provisional diagnosis reached

A

Through surgical sieve - is trauma thermal, chemical, mechanical
Idiopathic - cause uncertain
Inflammatory - viral, bacterial, allergic
Neoplastic - oral cancer, haematological
Autoimmune - behcet’s syndrome

29
Q

What are special investigations done for oral ulcers

A

Biopsy
Haematological Investigation
Microbiological test
Allergy testing

30
Q

What are traumatic ulcers from

A 
Bites
Dentures
Orthodontic appliances
Burns
Self induced wound associated with psychiatric disorder (factious injury)
31
Q

What does a biopsy consist of

A

Taking a small sample of tissue that can be examined under a microscope

32
Q

How can periostatus be assessed

A 
By probing:
Pocket depth
Bleeding on probing
Sub gingival calculus
Plaque retention factors
33
Q

What does the diet diary allow

A

Prognostic as well as diagnostic information - allows to see the cause of caries and tooth wear

34
Q

What can study models be used for

A

Monitor tooth wear

Used for treatment plans

35
Q

What are common dental diagnostics

A 
Caries
Gingivitis
Pulpitis
Periodontitis
Tooth wear
Failure of restoration
Recurrent oral ulceration

Clinical 1 (12 decks)

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