Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

What is Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 1

hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin production by pancreas or insulin resistance to cells in the body

Question 2

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 2

does not produce insulin

Question 3

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 3

decreased insulin production, insulin resistance

Question 4

What is the cause of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 4

obesity, inactivity, heredity

Question 5

Risk factors of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 5

• obesity
• hypertension, hyperlipedmia
• smoking

Question 6

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 6

hormones of the placenta counteract insulin, resulting in glucose intolerance during pregnancy

Question 7

The 3 Ps that are S/S of hyperglycemia

Answer 7

• polydipsia (excessive thirst)
• polyphagia (excessive eating)
• polyuria (excessive urination)

Question 8

Besides the 3 Ps what are the most important S/S of hyperglycemia

Answer 8

• fruity breath odor

- Kussmaul respirations (increase rate, depth of respirations)

Question 9

Other S/S of hyperglycemia

Answer 9

• warm/dry skin
• lethargy (lack of energy)
• weakness

Question 10

GI symptoms of hyperglycemia

Answer 10

• weight loss
• dehydration
• nausea vomiting

Question 11

Treatment for hyperglycemia

Answer 11

• insulin

- oral hypoglycemia agents (type 2 DM only)

Question 12

Foot care for Diabetes Mellitus patient

Answer 12

• inspect feet daily using a mirror, check shoes for objects

- apply moisturizer to feet, but NOT between toes

Question 13

What kind of socks should a Diabetes Mellitus patient wear

Answer 13

cotton socks, and NEVER go barefoot or opened toes shoes

Question 14

How should Diabetes Mellitus cut there toe nails

Answer 14

Straight across, dont use OTC products

Question 15

What should be avoided putting on a patients foot who has Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 15

do NOT use heating pads on feet

Question 16

Illness care for a patient with Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 16

• test urine for ketones
• drink 3 L of water per day to prevent dehydration
• monitor blood glucose more frequently if sick

Question 17

What are causes of hypoglycemia

Answer 17

• excess insulin
• decreased food intake
• exercise
• excess alcohol

Question 18

S/S of hypoglycemia

Answer 18

• hunger, irritability
• confusion, diaphoresis
• headache, shakiness
• blurred vision
• pale/cool skin
• decreased LOC
• seizure/coma

Question 19

Nursing care for a Diabetes Mellitus who become hypoglycemic

Answer 19

provide quickly absorbed 15 g of carbs for a conscious pt and glucagon for an unconscious pt

Question 20

What are examples of 15 g carbs

Answer 20

• 4-6 oz juice/soda

- 8 oz milk

Question 21

What should be done after a hypoglycemic episode

Answer 21

recheck blood sugar in 15 mins, if <70, repeat admin of carb and check in another 15 mins

Question 22

What should be done once the pt blood glucose goes above 70

Answer 22

have them consume a snack containing a protein and a carb

Question 23

What to do when an unconscious pt regains conscious from hypoglycemia

Answer 23

have them consume a carbohydrate snack