Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
What is Diabetes Mellitus
hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin production by pancreas or insulin resistance to cells in the body
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
does not produce insulin
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
decreased insulin production, insulin resistance
What is the cause of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
obesity, inactivity, heredity
Risk factors of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- obesity
- hypertension, hyperlipedmia
- smoking
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
hormones of the placenta counteract insulin, resulting in glucose intolerance during pregnancy
The 3 Ps that are S/S of hyperglycemia
- polydipsia (excessive thirst)
- polyphagia (excessive eating)
- polyuria (excessive urination)
Besides the 3 Ps what are the most important S/S of hyperglycemia
- fruity breath odor
- Kussmaul respirations (increase rate, depth of respirations)
Other S/S of hyperglycemia
- warm/dry skin
- lethargy (lack of energy)
- weakness
GI symptoms of hyperglycemia
- weight loss
- dehydration
- nausea vomiting
Treatment for hyperglycemia
- insulin
- oral hypoglycemia agents (type 2 DM only)
Foot care for Diabetes Mellitus patient
- inspect feet daily using a mirror, check shoes for objects
- apply moisturizer to feet, but NOT between toes
What kind of socks should a Diabetes Mellitus patient wear
cotton socks, and NEVER go barefoot or opened toes shoes
How should Diabetes Mellitus cut there toe nails
Straight across, dont use OTC products
What should be avoided putting on a patients foot who has Diabetes Mellitus
do NOT use heating pads on feet
Illness care for a patient with Diabetes Mellitus
- test urine for ketones
- drink 3 L of water per day to prevent dehydration
- monitor blood glucose more frequently if sick
What are causes of hypoglycemia
- excess insulin
- decreased food intake
- exercise
- excess alcohol
S/S of hypoglycemia
- hunger, irritability
- confusion, diaphoresis
- headache, shakiness
- blurred vision
- pale/cool skin
- decreased LOC
- seizure/coma
Nursing care for a Diabetes Mellitus who become hypoglycemic
provide quickly absorbed 15 g of carbs for a conscious pt and glucagon for an unconscious pt
What are examples of 15 g carbs
- 4-6 oz juice/soda
- 8 oz milk
What should be done after a hypoglycemic episode
recheck blood sugar in 15 mins, if <70, repeat admin of carb and check in another 15 mins
What should be done once the pt blood glucose goes above 70
have them consume a snack containing a protein and a carb
What to do when an unconscious pt regains conscious from hypoglycemia
have them consume a carbohydrate snack
