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Pharm Exam 1 and Exam 2 final > Diabetes/Insulin > Flashcards

Diabetes/Insulin Flashcards

1
Q

action of amylin

A

works with insulin to lower glucose and delay emptying

increases sensation of satiety (person feels full and stops eating/consuming more carbs)
surpresses glucagon secretion (stops the body from releasing more sugar)
stimulates insulin release (getting rid of the blood glucose thats already there)

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2
Q

glucagon action

A

hormone that causes glycogen to break down energy –> hyperglycemia

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3
Q

glucogen

A

storage form of glucose

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4
Q

long term effects of diabetes

A 
angiopathy
PVD peripheral vascular dx
retinopathy
neuropathy
infections
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5
Q

signs and symptoms of diabetes

A 
polyphagia
polydipsia    3Ps
polyuria
fatigue 
UTI's
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6
Q

hemoglobin a1c should be at

A

under 6

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7
Q

fasting blood glucose

A

under 100

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8
Q

prediabetes blood glucose

A

100-125

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9
Q

diabetes blood glucose

A

over 125

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10
Q

route insulin therapy is given

A

IV (IV push for severely hyperglycemic)
subQ
inhaled

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11
Q

What type of insulin can we use for needle-phobic people?

A

Insulin Human (afreeza)

insulin pump (is just one needle)

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12
Q

how will type I diabetics use afreeza

A

use with a long-acting insulin

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13
Q

how will type 2 diabetics use afreeza?

A

use in combination with oral anti diabetic therapy

(Notes: Type II receives oral therapy because their hyperglycemia can be caused by other reasons than their beta cells not working)

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14
Q

which is the only insulin i can give VIA IV?

A

Humulin R

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15
Q

Which is the insulin that cannot be mixed with any other insulin?

A

Glargine (Lantus)

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16
Q

dawn phenomenom

A

Early morning spike in blood sugar which can be frustrating to the patient, in spite of them not eating at night

(leaves patient feeling discouraged)

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17
Q

Which two things interfere with early morning spike?

*TEST Q

A

Dawn phenomenom

Somogyi phenomenom

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18
Q

what type of insulin would we use for supplemental insulin coverage?

A

Insulin Regular (novolin R)

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19
Q

what do Sulfonylureas do?

SE?

A

increase secretion of insulin
(can only be effective if theres functioning beta cells)

pt education: monitor for s/s for hypoglycemia

think: since ur increasing insulin production

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20
Q

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor action

A

delay glucose absorption in GI tract causing smaller increase post prandially (

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21
Q

anti-hyperglycemic drug, why?

type?

A

metformin- b/c it increases glucose use by muscle and fat cells

type: biguanide

22
Q

SE of glitzaones (thiazolidinediones)**

A

risk of CHF and edema

23
Q

CI for meglitinides

A

skip dose if u skip meal

24
Q

which drug can i use that causes the growth of beta cells?

type

A

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4 Inhibitors)

25
Q

which is the drug that causes you to urinate blood glucose?

type?

A

Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Canaglifozin (invokana)
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)

hint: it will be out in a jiffy, jif

sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitor

26
Q

which drug activates dopamine receptors in the CNS?

A

Bromocriptine (Clycoset)

neurotransmitter manipulation- IN BRAIN to control blood glucose

27
Q

How often is eventide (byetta) given

A

daily

28
Q

How often is Exematide ER (bydureon) given

A

once a week

subQ

29
Q

amylin drug type

SE

A

Pramlintide (symlin)

nausea and hypoglycemia

Reminder: amylin delays gastric emptying (not going in the SI where glucose is absorbed)
creates sensation of fullness

30
Q

route Pramlintide (Symlin) is injected

A

subcutaneous injection

do not mix in the same syringe with insulin

31
Q

What type of medical condition can use an amylin analog?

A

type II diabetics

32
Q

type II diabetic with needle eversion can use

A

Pramlintide (symlin)

33
Q

how often is Victoza (liraglutide) taken

what type of drug is it

A

daily

VA= daily TTO= weekly
GLP

34
Q

how often is Adlyxin (lixisenatide) taken?

A

daily

VA= daily TTO= weekly

35
Q

Which are the types of GLPs need to be taken weekly

A

Trulicity (Dulaglutide)
Tanzeum (albiglutide)
ozempic (semaglutide)

36
Q

SE of GLP’s

risk of GLP’s

A

hypoglycemia, weight loss

Thyroid CA, pancreatitis

37
Q

Xultopgy (IDeglira) is a combination ____(drug type), composed of ___ and ____

A

GLP

Tresiba
Victoza (liraglutide)

38
Q

Soliqua (Lixilan) is a combination drug ____ (drug type), composed of ___ and ____

A

Lantus (insulin glargine)
Adlyxin (lixisenatide)

(Hint: Lauras initials)

39
Q

Causes hyperglycemia

A

Bee pollen
Gingo biloba
glucosamine (impaired beta cell function)

40
Q

How can we treat DKA?

A

NS for dehydration**

insulin IV drip

41
Q

post up patient meds

A

insulin with IV dextrose

42
Q

how is glucose gel administered?

A

buccal

43
Q

pt education for sulfonylureas

A

pt education: monitor for s/s for hypoglycemia

44
Q

which type of diabetic can use sulfonylureas

A

type 2- can only work if person has functioning beta cells

45
Q

metformin (type?)

CI?

A 
fever
sepsis
trauma
major surgery
acidosis
hepatic/renal dx
CV ot respiratory insufficency
hypoxia
lactic acidosis
46
Q

how often is metformin given

A

1-2 times a day

47
Q

Januvia type

action

A

blocks an enzyme that degrades insulin

beta cell neogenesis

48
Q

CI for DD4 drug?

example of drug

A

Januvia

cannot take with exogenous insulin

49
Q

CI of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor

A

hypoglycemia

DKA- monitor carefully!

50
Q

Dopamine Receptor Agonist- name of drug?

CI?

A

Bromocriptine (Clycoset)

taper*

*Do not use with ergot drugs

51
Q

Dopamine Receptor Agonist- name of drug?

SE?

A

Bromocriptine (Clycoset)

Decreases fatty acids, Decreased bp
dec triglycerides
dizziness
GI symptoms

Pharm Exam 1 and Exam 2 final (18 decks)

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