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Test 4B Tues/Thurs > Diabetes from Nutrition Book > Flashcards

Diabetes from Nutrition Book Flashcards

1
Q

What is Diabetes?

A

metabolic disorder involving glucose metabolism

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2
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Person cannot produce insulin
Person does not produce enough insulin
Person is not using the insulin produced

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3
Q

Is hyperglycemia when the blood sugar levels are too high or too low

A

HIGH blood sugar levels (110 ml/dl and up)

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4
Q

Sources of blood glucose (3)

A

diet
glycogen
protein

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5
Q

Uses of blood glucose (3)

A

glycolysis (fuel for metabolism and movement)
glycogenesis (storage for later)
lipogenesis (back up storage as fat)

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6
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

produce vital hormones for glucose regulation

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7
Q

Alpha Cells

A

Glucagon

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8
Q

Beta Cells

A

Insulin

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9
Q

Delta Cells

A

Somatostatin

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10
Q

Formerly known as “juvenile” diabetes

A

Type 1

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11
Q

5-10% of all cases

A

Type 1

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12
Q

No longer limited to childhood

A

Type 1

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13
Q

Autoimmune destruction of Beta Cells

A

Type 1

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14
Q

Insulin no longer produced by body

A

Type 1

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15
Q

Higher risk of acidosis

A

Type 1

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16
Q

No cure

A

Type 1

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17
Q

Impaired Glucose Tolerance

A

blood sugar levels consistently above normal (100 and up), but not high enough for diagnosis of diabetes (126 and up)
“pre-diabetes”
Can lead to type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol
hypertension
obesity

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18
Q

Formerly “adult on set diabetes”

A

Type 2

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19
Q

90-95% of all cases

A

Type 2

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20
Q

Has strong genetic link to weight (weight is not the only factor)

A

Type 2

21
Q

Can develop in obese children

A

Type 2

22
Q

Insulin resistance or deficiency

A

Type 2

23
Q

Can be “cured”

A

Type 2

24
Q

Gestational Diabetes (5)

A 
Same as type 2
occurs during pregnancy only
"cured" after delivery
4% of all pregnant women 
can cause miscarriage and death of mother if untreated
25
Q

Risk factors for gestational diabetes (8)

A 
genetics
45 yrs or older
BMI 25 and up
inactive
african american, hispanic, native american, asian, pacific islander
previous gestational diabetes
delivered baby albs or more
previous impaired glucose tolerance
26
Q

Symptoms of diabetes(5)

A 
excessive thirst
excessive urination
excessive hunger
sugar in urine
hyperglycemia
27
Q

Blurred vision, skin irritation, infection, loss of strength are symptoms of…

A

hyperglycemia

28
Q

Improper breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids due to unmanaged diabetes

A

Uncontrolled ketosis

29
Q

Uncontrolled ketosis, leads to increased concentration of keto acids in blood, causes a severe decrease in blood pH, and can be fatal

A

ketoacidosis

30
Q

Retinopathy (5)

A 
Hemorrhaging in the eyes
can lead to blindness
risk increases with consistent hyperglycemia
more common in type 1
not the same as blurred vision
31
Q

End stage renal disease
constriction of blood vessels used to filtration
can lead to kidney failure
due to consistent hyperglycemia

A

Nephropathy

32
Q

Nervous system damage
Decreases neural activity
Risk increases with diabetes over 10yrs
Leads to other tissue, heart and other organ complications

A

Neuropathy

33
Q

Major death for those with diabetes

A

heart disease

34
Q

Glucose levels should be below _ ml/dl before workout

A

200

35
Q

No activity is BS levels are _ ml/dl

A

300

36
Q

Take quick carb dose is BS levels are below _ ml/dl

A

100

37
Q

Inhibits excess secretion of both insulin and glucagon

A

somatostatin

38
Q

produced in the delta cells of the islets of Langerhans

A

somatostatin

39
Q

changes glucose to glycogen to be stored in the liver

A

Insulin

40
Q

raises blood sugar levels during sleep

A

glucagon

41
Q

increases protein synthesis

A

insulin

42
Q

influences the burning of glucose for energy

A

insulin

43
Q

inhibits breakdown of fat and protein

A

insulin

44
Q

transports glucose to cells for metabolism

A

insulin

45
Q

breaks down left over stored glycogen that was unused

A

glucagon

46
Q

changes glucose to fat for storage as adipose tissue

A

insulin and glucagon

47
Q

Can be treated with weight management and diet therapy

A

type 2

48
Q

Other type of diabetes?

A

secondary diabetes

caused by genetic disorders or pancreatic conditions

Test 4B Tues/Thurs (8 decks)

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