Diabetes from Nutrition Book

Question 1

What is Diabetes?

Answer 1

metabolic disorder involving glucose metabolism

Question 2

Hyperglycemia

Answer 2

Person cannot produce insulin
Person does not produce enough insulin
Person is not using the insulin produced

Question 3

Is hyperglycemia when the blood sugar levels are too high or too low

Answer 3

HIGH blood sugar levels (110 ml/dl and up)

Question 4

Sources of blood glucose (3)

Answer 4

diet
glycogen
protein

Question 5

Uses of blood glucose (3)

Answer 5

glycolysis (fuel for metabolism and movement)
glycogenesis (storage for later)
lipogenesis (back up storage as fat)

Question 6

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 6

produce vital hormones for glucose regulation

Question 7

Alpha Cells

Answer 7

Glucagon

Question 8

Beta Cells

Answer 8

Insulin

Question 9

Delta Cells

Answer 9

Somatostatin

Question 10

Formerly known as “juvenile” diabetes

Answer 10

Type 1

Question 11

5-10% of all cases

Answer 11

Type 1

Question 12

No longer limited to childhood

Answer 12

Type 1

Question 13

Autoimmune destruction of Beta Cells

Answer 13

Type 1

Question 14

Insulin no longer produced by body

Answer 14

Type 1

Question 15

Higher risk of acidosis

Answer 15

Type 1

Question 16

No cure

Answer 16

Type 1

Question 17

Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Answer 17

blood sugar levels consistently above normal (100 and up), but not high enough for diagnosis of diabetes (126 and up)
“pre-diabetes”
Can lead to type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol
hypertension
obesity

Question 18

Formerly “adult on set diabetes”

Answer 18

Type 2

Question 19

90-95% of all cases

Answer 19

Type 2

Question 20

Has strong genetic link to weight (weight is not the only factor)

Answer 20

Type 2

Question 21

Can develop in obese children

Answer 21

Type 2

Question 22

Insulin resistance or deficiency

Answer 22

Type 2

Question 23

Can be “cured”

Answer 23

Type 2

Question 24

Gestational Diabetes (5)

Answer 24

Same as type 2
occurs during pregnancy only
"cured" after delivery
4% of all pregnant women 
can cause miscarriage and death of mother if untreated

Question 25

Risk factors for gestational diabetes (8)

Answer 25

``` genetics 45 yrs or older BMI 25 and up inactive african american, hispanic, native american, asian, pacific islander previous gestational diabetes delivered baby albs or more previous impaired glucose tolerance ```

Question 26

Symptoms of diabetes(5)

Answer 26

``` excessive thirst excessive urination excessive hunger sugar in urine hyperglycemia ```

Question 27

Blurred vision, skin irritation, infection, loss of strength are symptoms of...

Answer 27

hyperglycemia

Question 28

Improper breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids due to unmanaged diabetes

Answer 28

Uncontrolled ketosis

Question 29

Uncontrolled ketosis, leads to increased concentration of keto acids in blood, causes a severe decrease in blood pH, and can be fatal

Answer 29

ketoacidosis

Question 30

Retinopathy (5)

Answer 30

``` Hemorrhaging in the eyes can lead to blindness risk increases with consistent hyperglycemia more common in type 1 not the same as blurred vision ```

Question 31

End stage renal disease constriction of blood vessels used to filtration can lead to kidney failure due to consistent hyperglycemia

Answer 31

Nephropathy

Question 32

Nervous system damage Decreases neural activity Risk increases with diabetes over 10yrs Leads to other tissue, heart and other organ complications

Answer 32

Neuropathy

Question 33

Major death for those with diabetes

Answer 33

heart disease

Question 34

Glucose levels should be below _ ml/dl before workout

Answer 34

200

Question 35

No activity is BS levels are _ ml/dl

Answer 35

300

Question 36

Take quick carb dose is BS levels are below _ ml/dl

Answer 36

100

Question 37

Inhibits excess secretion of both insulin and glucagon

Answer 37

somatostatin

Question 38

produced in the delta cells of the islets of Langerhans

Answer 38

somatostatin

Question 39

changes glucose to glycogen to be stored in the liver

Answer 39

Insulin

Question 40

raises blood sugar levels during sleep

Answer 40

glucagon

Question 41

increases protein synthesis

Answer 41

insulin

Question 42

influences the burning of glucose for energy

Answer 42

insulin

Question 43

inhibits breakdown of fat and protein

Answer 43

insulin

Question 44

transports glucose to cells for metabolism

Answer 44

insulin

Question 45

breaks down left over stored glycogen that was unused

Answer 45

glucagon

Question 46

changes glucose to fat for storage as adipose tissue

Answer 46

insulin and glucagon

Question 47

Can be treated with weight management and diet therapy

Answer 47

type 2

Question 48

Other type of diabetes?

Answer 48

secondary diabetes | caused by genetic disorders or pancreatic conditions