Diabetes Cases

Question 1

Low pH + low pCO2

Answer 1

Metabolic acidosis

Question 2

High pH + low pCO2

Answer 2

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 3

Low pH + high pCO2

Answer 3

Respiratory acidosis

Question 4

High pH + high pCO2

Answer 4

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 5

How is osmolality calculated?

Answer 5

2(Na+K) + U + G

Question 6

What does a high anion gap suggest?

Answer 6

Something else is in the patient’s blood - lactic acid, ketones

Question 7

What happens to calcium when blood pH increases?

Answer 7

Plasma proteins start to stick to calcium, calcium appears normal but there is less free calcium - tetany.

Question 8

What is HHS?

Answer 8

Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state

Question 9

What is key to avoid in HHS?

Answer 9

Giving fluid too quickly - cerebral oedema

Question 10

What can metformin overdose cause?

Answer 10

Lactic acidosis

Question 11

What is the definition of diabetes in an OGTT?

Answer 11

Plasma glucose >11.1 mM at 2 hours

Impaired glucose tolerance = plasma glucose 7.8-11.0 mM at 2 hours