Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FS Chemical Pathology > Clinical Chemistry CPC > Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry CPC Flashcards

1
Q

What abnormality of calcium is associated with depression?

A

Hypercalcaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Smith’s fracture?

A

Radius fracturing forwards (towards the palm) - falling on a flexed wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a Colles fracture?

A

Falling on an outstretched palm - radius fractures backwards, away from the palm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Differentials for hypercalcaemia

A

Cancer
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the PTH in hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

A

0

Zero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which organ physiologically produces PTHrP?

A

Placenta - increases calcium in the mother so that the baby can take it and create a skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two methods by which cancer can cause hypercalcaemia?

A

Metastasis/invasion of bone

PTHrP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the main cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Parathyroid adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which condition is associated with multiple parathyroid adenomas?

A

MEN1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical features of hypercalcaemia

A

Moans, bones, groans, stones
Can be asymptomatic
Polydipsia/polyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a sign of chronic hypercalcaemia?

A

Band keratopathy - band of calcium across the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are calcium stones opaque or lucent?

A

Opaque - not transparent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complications of hypercalcaemia

A

Renal stones
Pancreatitis
Peptic ulcer disease
Skeletal changes - osteitis fibrosa cystica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of stones are associated with Proteus mirabilis infection?

A

Struvite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can hypercalicuria be medically treated?

A

Thiazide diuretics

Treat the hypercalcaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management of emergency hypercalcaemia

A

Only when calcium > 3.0

IV access
Catheter
Rehydrate - FLUIDS - will need up to 6L in the first 24 hours
Give first L quickly + furosemide in elderly people

IF in liver failure - use dextrose

17
Q

Management of non-emergency hypercalcaemia

A

Keep hydrated
Avoid thiazide diuretics
Surgery - parathyroidectomy

18
Q

What is a long-standing feature of undiagnosed hyperparathyroidism?

A

Brown tumours - multinucleate giant cells in the bone, these are activated osteoclasts

19
Q

How does sarcoidosis cause hypercalcaemia?

A

Macrophages in the lungs express 1-alpha hydroxylase which will activate vitamin D

More likely to occur in the summer due to more sunlight

FS Chemical Pathology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions