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Pharm II Old Stuff Final > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Aspart

  1. ) What class?
  2. )
A

1.)Rapid-Acting Insulin

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2
Q

Amylin Analog

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. )ADR
A
  1. ) Amylin Analog
  2. ) slows gastric emptying→ increased fullness
  3. )
    - Nausea
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3
Q

Sitagliptin

  1. ) Drug Class
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) C/I?
A
  1. ) DDP-4 inhibitors
  2. ) Inhibits DDP-4 enzyme → REDUCE breakdown of GLP-1
  3. ) HF
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4
Q

Glulisine

  1. ) What class?
  2. )
A

1.)Rapid-Acting Insulin

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5
Q

Nateglinide

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) DDI’s?
  4. ) Indication?
A
  1. ) Glinides
  2. ) Binds to 140-kDA SU receptor → blocks K+ channel in beta cells → increased insulin release
  3. ) Don’t combine with sulfonylureas
  4. ) Better for post prandial glucose lowering (take b4 each meal)
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6
Q

Glargine U-300

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
A
  1. ) Ultra long acting

2. ) Injected as acidic solution→ neutralization of it leads to micro-precipitates for slower absorption

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7
Q

Dulaglitide

  1. ) Drug Class
  2. ) MOA?
A
  1. ) GLP-1 Receptor Agonists-“Incretin Mimetics”
  2. )
    - slow gastric emptying
    - ↓’s appetite
    - activates beta cells
    - suppresses glucagon release
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8
Q

Repaglinide

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) DDI’s?
  4. ) Indication?
A
  1. ) Glinides
  2. ) Binds to 140-kDA SU receptor → blocks K+ channel in beta cells → increased insulin release
  3. ) Don’t combine with sulfonylureas
  4. ) Better for post prandial glucose lowering (take b4 each meal)
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9
Q

Linagliptin

  1. ) Drug Class
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) C/I?
A
  1. ) DDP-4 inhibitors
  2. ) Inhibits DDP-4 enzyme → REDUCE breakdown of GLP-1
  3. ) HF
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10
Q

Empagliflozin

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. )ADR?→ can lead to?
A
  1. ) Sodium glucose transport -2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors)
  2. ) Inhibits SGLT-2 → increased urinary glucose excretion
  3. ) Polyuria→ dehydration
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11
Q

Lixisenatide

  1. ) Drug Class
  2. ) MOA?
A
  1. ) GLP-1 Receptor Agonists-“Incretin Mimetics”
  2. )
    - slow gastric emptying
    - ↓’s appetite
    - activates beta cells
    - suppresses glucagon release
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12
Q

Glargine U-100

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
A
  1. ) Long acting

2. ) Injected as acidic solution→ neutralization of it leads to micro-precipitates for slower absorption

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13
Q

Semaglutide

  1. ) Drug Class
  2. ) MOA?
A
  1. ) GLP-1 Receptor Agonists-“Incretin Mimetics”
  2. )
    - slow gastric emptying
    - ↓’s appetite (causes weight loss)
    - activates beta cells
    - suppresses glucagon release
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14
Q

What are Incretin Hormones What are their purpose?

What inactivates them?

A

-GI Tract releases Incretin Hormones (GLP-1, GIP)
o Role: Amplify insulin secretion by sensitizing Beta cells
 Compliments insulin
 Inactivated by DPP-4 enzyme
→ → Rapidly degrades Incretin hormones, reducing their duration of action

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15
Q

Liraglutide

  1. ) Drug Class
  2. ) MOA?
A
  1. ) GLP-1 Receptor Agonists-“Incretin Mimetics”
  2. )
    - slow gastric emptying
    - ↓’s appetite
    - activates beta cells
    - suppresses glucagon release
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16
Q

What is the purpose of protamine added to regular insulin?

A

Slow absorption

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17
Q

Major ADR’s of Insulin?

A
  1. ) Lipoatrophy
  2. ) Lipohypertrophy→ accumulation of fat deposit (rotate where you inject the insulin each time)
  3. )Weight gain
18
Q

Basal vs. Bolus

A

https://quizlet.com/349076863/basal-vs-bolus-insulin-flash-cards/

19
Q

Alogliptin

  1. ) Drug Class
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) C/I?
A
  1. ) DDP-4 inhibitors
  2. ) Inhibits DDP-4 enzyme → REDUCE breakdown of GLP-1
  3. ) HF
20
Q

Glimeperide

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) Caution with what pt’s?
A
  1. ) 2nd gen sulfonylureas
  2. ) Binds to 140-kDA SU receptor → blocks K+ channel in beta cells → increased insulin release
  3. ) Caution with pts with ↓ renal function→ accumulation of active metabolite
21
Q

Canagliflozin

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. )ADR?→ can lead to?
A
  1. ) Sodium glucose transport -2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors)
  2. ) Inhibits SGLT-2 → increased urinary glucose excretion
  3. ) Polyuria→ dehydration
22
Q

Exenatide

  1. ) Drug Class
  2. ) MOA?
A
  1. ) GLP-1 Receptor Agonists-“Incretin Mimetics”
  2. )
    - slow gastric emptying
    - ↓’s appetite
    - activates beta cells
    - suppresses glucagon release
23
Q

Glipizide

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) Caution with what pt’s?
A
  1. ) 2nd gen sulfonylureas
  2. ) Binds to 140-kDA SU receptor → blocks K+ channel in beta cells → increased insulin release
  3. ) Caution with pts with ↓ renal function→ accumulation of active metabolite
24
Q

Rosiglitazone

  1. ) Drug Class?
  2. )MOA?
  3. ) ADR?
  4. ) How long does it take to see clinical effect?
A
  1. ) Thiazolidinedions (TZD’s)
  2. ) Activate PPAR-gamma → increases GLUT-4 transporter expression
  3. )
    - Weight gain/edema
  4. ) 4.) How long does it take to see clinical effect?
25
Q

Regular Insulin

  1. ) Class?
  2. ) Indication?
A

1.) Short-acting (regular) insulin
2.)Commonly used IV for inpatient use in setting of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
o Hyperglycemic crisis

26
Q

Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH)

  1. ) What class?
  2. ) Is this drug use often? Why?
A
  1. ) Intermediate-acting

2. )No there is 50% variable absorption → drug is difficult to dose

27
Q

Pioglitazone

  1. ) Drug Class?
  2. )MOA?
  3. ) ADR?
  4. ) How long does it take to see clinical effect?
A
  1. ) Thiazolidinedions (TZD’s)
  2. ) Activate PPAR-gamma → increases GLUT-4 transporter expression
  3. )
    - Weight gain/edema
    - ↑ risk of bladder cancer after 1 year of use
  4. ) 8-12 weeks
28
Q

Lispro U-100, Lispro U-200

  1. ) What class?
  2. )
A

1.)Rapid-Acting Insulin

29
Q

Degludec U-100/U-200

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
A
  1. ) Ultra-long acting

2. ) Forms multihexamers upon injection→ gradual removal of zinc to slow dissociation.

30
Q

Metformin

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) ADR’s
  4. ) Caution with? why?
A
  1. ) Biguanide
  2. )Activates AMP-kinase in liver→ gluconeogenesis
  3. )Diarrhea
  4. ) Caution w/ pts w/ ↓ renal func due to risk of lactic acidosis
31
Q

Glyburide

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) Caution with what pt’s?
  4. ) Hypoglycemia?
A
  1. ) 2nd gen sulfonylureas
  2. ) Binds to 140-kDA SU receptor → blocks K+ channel in beta cells → increased insulin release
  3. ) Caution with pts with ↓ renal function→ accumulation of active metabolite
  4. ) Highest risk of hypoglycemia with glyburide due to its really long half life
32
Q

Basal vs. Bolus

A

-Basal: Constant low level release
→ To maintain glucose homeostasis in the fasting state

-Bolus: Meal stimulated
→ To cover meal stimulated Burts of glucose

33
Q

Bromocriptine

  1. ) MOA?
  2. ) ADR?
A

1.) Unknown
→ we think it may ↑ insulin sensitivity
2.) Nausa

34
Q

Afrezza

  1. ) What class?
  2. ) C/I?
  3. ) ADR’s
A
  1. ) Inhaled Insulin-Rapid Acting
  2. ) C/I in Pt’s w/
    - COPD
    - ASTHMA= ↑ bronchoconstriction
    - SMOKER
  3. ) Cough
35
Q
  1. ) What is hypoglycemia?

2. ) How do you treat it?

A
  1. ) glucose < 70mg/dL

2. ) Oral/IV -glucose OR glucagon injection

36
Q

Determir

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) C/I?
A
  1. ) Long acting
  2. ) injected as neural pH→ becomes 98% bound to albumin → slow distribution into the tissues
  3. ) pts with low albumin → hypoglycemia
37
Q

Dapagliflozin

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. )ADR?→ can lead to?
A
  1. ) Sodium glucose transport -2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors)
  2. ) Inhibits SGLT-2 → increased urinary glucose excretion
  3. ) Polyuria→ dehydration
38
Q

Saxagliptin

  1. ) Drug Class
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) C/I?
A
  1. ) DDP-4 inhibitors
  2. ) Inhibits DDP-4 enzyme → REDUCE breakdown of GLP-1
  3. ) HF & 34A inhibitors
39
Q

Acarbose

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) ADR?
  4. ) Best taken ?
A
  1. ) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
  2. ) Inhibits small intestine enzymes that break down carbs→ delays absorption so there is reduced post prandial glucose
  3. ) GI issues: FARTING
  4. ) Best taken before meal
40
Q

Chlorpropamide

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) Caution with what pt’s?
A
  1. )1st gen Sulfonylureas
  2. ) Binds to 140-kDA SU receptor→ blocks K+ channel in beta cells → increased insulin release
  3. ) Caution with pts with ↓ renal function→ accumulation of active metabolite
41
Q

What is the role of Amylin

A

complements insulin by:
-suppressing post prandial glucagon release & slow gastric emptying
→ gastric emptying: slow process at which CARBS GET DIGESTED so there is LESS of a spike in our blood sugar AFTER we eat
→ Glucagon: responsible for sending signal to the liver to ↑ blood glucose

42
Q

Miglitol

  1. ) Drug class?
  2. ) MOA?
  3. ) ADR?
  4. ) Best taken ?
A
  1. ) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
  2. ) Inhibits small intestine enzymes that break down carbs→ delays absorption so there is reduced post prandial glucose
  3. ) GI issues: FARTING
  4. ) Best taken before meal

Pharm II Old Stuff Final (19 decks)

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