Diabetes Flashcards
Review of diabetes and the effect PA has on it
How much of the UK has diabetes?
9%
What is T1DM?
Characterised by poor oral glucose tolerance + chronic hyperglycaemia caused by insulin secretory failure
What is T1DM caused by?
Polygenetic predisposition, immune-mediated beta-cell destruction, environmental factors
How much of the UK has T1DM?
0.1-0.2%
What are the treatments for T1DM?
Insulin injections, islet transplantation, PA (in conjunction with insulin and dietary carb management)
How does PA aid patients of T1DM?
Increases muscle glucose uptake, increases muscle sensitivity to insulin, decreases loss of beta-cell mass
What happens if a T1DM patient over-insulinises/ under-consumes on a day when they exercise?
Post-activity hypoglycaemia
What is post-activity hypoglycaemia influenced by?
Time b/w activity + diet
Time b/w activity + insulin
Dose of exercise
What is T2DM?
Characterised by poor oral glucose tolerance + chronic hyperglycaemia caused by insulin secretory failure in the presence of insulin resistance
What factors increase risk of developing T2DM?
Genetics, age, obesity, PIA
How is T2DM diagnosed?
HbA1c: >6.5%
Fasting glucose: >7mmol/L
OGTT glucose: >11.1mmol/L
How much of the UK has T2DM?
8.6%; 6% diagnosed, 3% undiagnosed
How many people over the age 75 years have T2DM?
23%
How much does T2DM cost the NHS?
£3.5 billion (10% of budget)
What are the health impacts of T2DM?
2* risk of CVD mortality (80% of T2DM die from CV events), organ damage risk, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, 2-4* dementia, diabetic neuropathy
