Caveats

Question 1

What influences PA effectiveness?

Answer 1

Dose, adherence, exercise-meal timing, weight loss, genetic predisposition, drug treatment, beta-cell glucotoxicity

Question 2

What is the main risk of exercise?

Answer 2

MSK injuries

Question 3

How many MSK presentations at A&E is SPEX responsible for?

Answer 3

7%

Question 4

How many presentations at A&E and GPs are MSK injuries?

Answer 4

20-30%

Question 5

What are rarer risks of exercise?

Answer 5

Sudden cardiac death due to underlying cardiac disease; amenorrhoea, eating disorder, low bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia), osteoarthritis (only causes this if excessive load, poor biomechanics, or impact exercise on joint)

Question 6

What are the advantages of HIIT compared to traditional MPA?

Answer 6

Better glucose control, lower blood pressure, increased aerobic capacity, better endothelium response

Question 7

How much do HIIT and MPA lower blood pressure by?

Answer 7

12mmgHg (HIIT)

4.5mmgHg (MPA)

Question 8

How much do HIIT and MPA increase VO2max by?

Answer 8

15% (HIIT)

5% (MPA)

Question 9

Why can’t HIIT be recommended in place of MPA yet?

Answer 9

• No studies have examined effect on cerebrovasculature + corresponding implications for cognitive function

Question 10

What are alternatives to HIIT?

Answer 10

Water-based therapies; hypoxia; cold acclimation

Question 11

What water-based therapies can be used?

Answer 11

Hot water immersion; aquatic treadmill; hot yoga

Question 12

How can hypoxia be used?

Answer 12

Ischaemic preconditioning

Question 13

How can cold acclimation be used?

Answer 13

Increases activation and recruitment of BAT; increases on-shivering thermogenesis and glucose consumption