Diabetes Flashcards
Diabetes Mellitus vs Insipidus
Mellitus = “sugar diabets”
High blood glucose and glucose in urine
Insipidus = “water diabetes”
Normal blood glucose, no glucose in urine
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Hyperglycemia due to too little insulin
Autoimmune disorder (antibodies attack beta cells)
Commonly in childhood
TX: insulin
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hyperglycemia due to issue with receptors
(downregulated or faulty receptors)
More commonly adulthood
TX: lifestyle changes, metformin, insulin, sulfonylureas, glitazones
What are risk factors for T2DM?
Hereditary, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity
What is the normal range of a fasting blood glucose test?
70-100 mg/dl
What is the DX criteria for diabetes for a fasting blood glucose test?
Two tests of >125 mg/dl
What does an A1c test measure?
% of Hb that is glycated (glucose bound to Hb)
What is the normal range for A1c values
< 5.7%
What is the A1c finding for someone with Diabetes?
≥ 6.5%
A1c correlates with?
Estimate of the average blood glucose level over the past 3 mos
An A1c of 6% correlates with what blood glucose level?
126 mg/dl
An A1c of 7% correlates with what blood glucose level?
154 mg/dl
At what blood glucose range does “glucose dumping” begin to occur?
180-200 mg/dl
An equal and linear increase of glucose in the urine is found at what blood glucose value?
> 350 mg/dl
Total glucose reabsorption means what? What range of blood glucose does this occur at?
No glucose found in urine
< 180 mg/dl
