Political Developments: Developments in The Troubles 1974-79 Flashcards

1
Q

What did the Provisional IRA (PIRA) announce in 1975?

A

A ceasefire proposal

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2
Q

What happened to the ceasefire proposal by 1976?

A

It was nowhere to be seen

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3
Q

Who became the new leaders of the PIRA after this?

A

Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness

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4
Q

What did the 2 new PIRA leaders do in terms of conflict with Britain?

A

They planned a war of Attrition

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5
Q

What is attrition?

A

Reducing your enemys resources slowly through continuous attacks

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6
Q

Where did the PIRA get support from for Attrition?

A

United States and Libya

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7
Q

What was the impact of the support that the PIRA got from these countries?

A

Weaponry in Ulster increased heavily

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8
Q

What is possibly significant about Ulster receiving help from the US?

A

It showed that the US was supporting a cause to violently fight against the UK

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9
Q

What 3 policies did Britain try to introduce to reduce tenions?

A

Ulsterisation, Criminalisation, Normalisation

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10
Q

How would these 3 policies to reduce tensions be taken out?

A

They would be done one after another

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11
Q

What happened in the Ulsterisation process? Who gained back control?

A

Removing some of the British Army from Ulster and giving control back to the Ulster Defence Regiment and Royal Ulster Constabulary

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12
Q

What was the aim in the Criminalisation policy?

A

To make freedom fighters seem like nothing but common criminals

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13
Q

What is an example of the Criminalisation policy taking place?

A

Freedom Fighter Prisoners lost their ‘Special Status’ category in Prisons

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14
Q

What did Prisoners losing their special status category mean?

A

They now had to wear prison clothes and do prison work

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15
Q

How did Freedom Fighter Prisoners protest?

A

They refused to wear prison clothes and also smeared excrement on their prison cell walls

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16
Q

What was the protest which the freedom fighters in prison called?

A

Dirty Protest

17
Q

How did Labour try and bring Peace to Northern Ireland in the early days of being in season from 1974-79?

A

Make another power sharing agreement

18
Q

Which law did Labour pass for Ulster that was similar to Internment law? When?

A

1974 Prevention of Terrorism Act

19
Q

What was the 1974 Prevention of Terrorism act?

A

People could be arrested without warrant and held for 48 hours while their property was searched

20
Q

How new was Wilson in to being PM when the general strike began?

A

3 months in

21
Q

What was the voting turnout for the Labour Power-sharing agreement?

A

66%

22
Q

What was significant about the voting turnout for the Labour power-sharing agreement?

A

The majority of people wanted a peaceful ending to the conflict

23
Q

What happened with the power-sharing as soon as it passed?

A

All 83 Convention members quickly adopted a political bias to Protestant positions

24
Q

What happened to the Labour Power-Sharing agreement by 1976?

A

It no longer existed

25
Q

Why was a solution to The Troubles unrealistic from 1974-79 in terms of militance of opposition?

A

Violent acts had spread to Britain

26
Q

What is an example of a series of Freedom Fighter bombings that happened in the UK in 1974?

A

1974 Birmingham Pub Bombings

27
Q

How would it have been seen if Labour tried to make agreements with the militant individuals to end the conflict quickly?

A

It would seem like Labour was giving in to terrorism, making them look weak

28
Q

Why would Labour not want to lose Labour supporters in Northern Ireland?

A

Because for the 5 years, their seat majority was immensely weak

29
Q

What did many Labour Backbench MP’s support for Ulster?

A

Supported republican efforts in Northern Ireland

30
Q

What was the scale of deaths in Northern Ireland in 1974?

A

220 people died

31
Q

How many shootings and bombs planted were there in 1976?

A

1000 bombs planted and 2000 shootings

32
Q

What happened to Northern Irish tensions from 1974-76?

A

They increased heavily

33
Q

How many shootings and bombs planted were there in 1979 compared to 1976?

A

1/3 as many shootings as 1976 and half as many bombs planted

34
Q

How many people were killed and injured in the 1974 Birmingham Pub Bombings?

A

21 Killed, 182 people injured.

35
Q

What can be seen about scale of violence by the end of the 1970’s?

A

It had gone down slightly but there were still many violent acts taking place

36
Q

How did The Troubles impact politics by the end of the 1970’s?

A

Labour were unable to make a heavy change in Ulster in this time partially due to a small majority and also the increase in violence

37
Q

What was the impact of The Troubles on society by the end of the 1970’s?

A

People in Britain especially in cities such as London feared for their lives as bombs could go off at any time.