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Psychology 236 Test 1 > Developmental Theories > Flashcards

Developmental Theories Flashcards

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1
Q

An organized set of ideas that is designed to explain something

A

theory

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2
Q

Eight stages that challenge a person with new developmental tasks and psychosocial dilemmas that must be overcome. who came up with this theory

A

Erik Erikson’s

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3
Q

stage one of Erik Erickson’s theory

A

trust vs. mistrust

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4
Q

established when babies given adequate warmth, touching, love, and physical care

A

trust

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5
Q

caused by inadequate or unpredictable care and by cold, indifferent, and rejecting parents

A

mistrust `

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6
Q

stage two of Erik eriksons

A

autonomy and shame and doubt

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7
Q

doing things for themselves

A

autonomy

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8
Q

stage three of Erik’s

A

initiative and guilt

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9
Q

parents reinforce via giving children freedom to play, use imagination, and ask questions

A

initiative

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10
Q

may occur if parents criticize, prevent play, or discourage a child’s questions

A

guilt

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11
Q

stage four of Eriks

A

industry vs inferiority

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12
Q

occurs when child is praised for productive activities, such as painting and building

A

industry

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13
Q

occurs if child’s efforts are regarded as messy or inadequate

A

inferiority

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14
Q

stage five of Eriks

A

identity and role confusion

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15
Q

a sense of self

A

identity

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16
Q

occurs when adolescents are unsure of where they are going and who theywant to be

A

role confusion

17
Q

stage six of Erik

A

intimacy vs isolation

18
Q

ability to care about others and to share experiences with them

A

intimacy

19
Q

feeling alone and uncared for in life

A

isolation

20
Q

stage seven

A

Generativity vs. Stagnation

21
Q

stage eight

A

Stage Eight: Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)

22
Q
  • Operant conditioning

- The consequence of a behavior will be determine whether it will be repeated

A

b.f skinner’s behaviorism

23
Q

social learning theory

A

people learn by watching others

24
Q

who made social learning theory

A

Albert bandura

25
Q
  • People’s beliefs about their own abilities and talents

- Gained from experience

A

self efficacy

26
Q

societal expectations of what we should know at different ages and “apprenticeship” experiences shape development

A

vygotsky

27
Q

argued that all children passed through a set series of four stages during their cognitive development

A

jean Piaget’s cognitive- developmental theory

28
Q

Sensory input and motor responses become increasingly coordinated.

A

sensorimotor stage

29
Q

Children begin to develop mental images but cannot transform them
`

A

The Preoperational Stage (2-7 Years)

30
Q
  • child is unable to accommodate the viewpoints of others

- self-centered thinking

A

ego centric

31
Q

Children become able to use concepts of time, space, volume, and number BUT in ways that remain simplyand concrete, not abstract

A

The Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 Years)

32
Q

concepts and examples removed from specific examples and concrete situations

A

Abstract principles:

33
Q

suppositions, guesses, or projections

A

Hypothetical possibilities:

34
Q

Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Theory:An Ecological Approach systems

A
  1. microsystem
  2. mesosystem
  3. exosystem
  4. macrosystem
35
Q

People and objects in the immediate environment

A

Microsystem

36
Q

Influences of microsystems on each other

A

mesosystem

37
Q

Social, environmental, governmental forces

A

exosystem

38
Q

Subcultures and cultures in which the other three systems are embedded

A

macrosystem

39
Q

formal operations stage (11 years and up) includes

A

abstract principles

hypothetical possibilities

Psychology 236 Test 1 (8 decks)

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