Developmental Theories Flashcards
An organized set of ideas that is designed to explain something
theory
Eight stages that challenge a person with new developmental tasks and psychosocial dilemmas that must be overcome. who came up with this theory
Erik Erikson’s
stage one of Erik Erickson’s theory
trust vs. mistrust
established when babies given adequate warmth, touching, love, and physical care
trust
caused by inadequate or unpredictable care and by cold, indifferent, and rejecting parents
mistrust `
stage two of Erik eriksons
autonomy and shame and doubt
doing things for themselves
autonomy
stage three of Erik’s
initiative and guilt
parents reinforce via giving children freedom to play, use imagination, and ask questions
initiative
may occur if parents criticize, prevent play, or discourage a child’s questions
guilt
stage four of Eriks
industry vs inferiority
occurs when child is praised for productive activities, such as painting and building
industry
occurs if child’s efforts are regarded as messy or inadequate
inferiority
stage five of Eriks
identity and role confusion
a sense of self
identity
occurs when adolescents are unsure of where they are going and who theywant to be
role confusion
stage six of Erik
intimacy vs isolation
ability to care about others and to share experiences with them
intimacy
feeling alone and uncared for in life
isolation
stage seven
Generativity vs. Stagnation
stage eight
Stage Eight: Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)
- Operant conditioning
- The consequence of a behavior will be determine whether it will be repeated
b.f skinner’s behaviorism
social learning theory
people learn by watching others
who made social learning theory
Albert bandura
- People’s beliefs about their own abilities and talents
- Gained from experience
self efficacy
societal expectations of what we should know at different ages and “apprenticeship” experiences shape development
vygotsky
argued that all children passed through a set series of four stages during their cognitive development
jean Piaget’s cognitive- developmental theory
Sensory input and motor responses become increasingly coordinated.
sensorimotor stage
Children begin to develop mental images but cannot transform them
`
The Preoperational Stage (2-7 Years)
- child is unable to accommodate the viewpoints of others
- self-centered thinking
ego centric
Children become able to use concepts of time, space, volume, and number BUT in ways that remain simplyand concrete, not abstract
The Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 Years)
concepts and examples removed from specific examples and concrete situations
Abstract principles:
suppositions, guesses, or projections
Hypothetical possibilities:
Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Theory:An Ecological Approach systems
- microsystem
- mesosystem
- exosystem
- macrosystem
People and objects in the immediate environment
Microsystem
Influences of microsystems on each other
mesosystem
Social, environmental, governmental forces
exosystem
Subcultures and cultures in which the other three systems are embedded
macrosystem
formal operations stage (11 years and up) includes
abstract principles
hypothetical possibilities
