Developmental Theories Flashcards
Age range of trust vs mistrust
Birth to 18 months
Age range of autonomy vs shame and doubt
18 months to 3 years
Age range of initiative vs guilt
3 to 5 years
Age range of industry vs inferiority
5 to 12 years
Age range of identity vs role confusion
12 to early adulthood
Age range of sensorimotor stage
Birth to 2 years
Age range of preoperational stage
2 years to 7 years
Age range of concrete operational stage
7 years to 11 years
Age range of formal operational stage
11-adulthood
Age range of preconventional morality stage
Birth to 9 years
Age range of conventional morality stage
9 years to adulthood
Characteristics of children in trust vs mistrust stage
Basic needs need to be met. Perception of environment comes from those who care for them. Two basic needs: satisfaction (from physiologic needs) and security (emotional needs)
Characteristics of children in autonomy vs shame and doubt stage
Parents needs to help their child learn and help them keep their autonomy. Have children do thing that they can complete. If they are forced to do things they can’t do, shame and doubt will form. Encourage the child to make decisions and do things on their own
Characteristics of children in initiative vs guilt stage
Children are exploring and learning from the world. They are eager for responsibility. Adults must confirm that the child’s initiatives are accepted. Praise children and tell them they did a good job. Guilt can develop when children think that what they do is always wrong
Characteristics of children in industry vs inferiority stage
Child measures themselves against other children. Children need to find their strengths and parents/teachers need to encourage children to maximize these strengths. They need to be encouraged to achieve reasonable goals. If they are unable to achieve their goals they will feel inferior to their peers
Characteristics of children in identity vs role confusion stage
Adolescents need to find out who they are and where they fit into the world. Adolescent identifies with a peer group that can be very influential. Parents must ensure that their adolescents are encouraged and have a quality friend group.
Characteristics of children in sensorimotor stage
Explore the world through touch and senses. Motor activity without the use of symbols. Everything is learned from experiences and trial/error. Object permanence is developed through this stage (roughly 8 months)
Characteristics of children in preoperational stage
Memory and imagination are developing. Children in early stage are very egocentric (decreases around age 4). Literal thought until symbolic thinking is developed. Main goal of this stage is for child to attach meanings to objects with language and symbolic thinking.
Characteristics of children in concrete operational stage
More logical and methodical thinking. Conservation and reversibility are developed (around 7). Main goal of this stage is development of operational thought which allows kids to solve problems without physically encountering things in the real world.
Characteristics of children in formal operational stage
Use of symbols to relate to abstract concepts. Milestone is being able to understand abstract concepts and relationships. Once you reach formal operational stage, people begin building on knowledge
Characteristics of child with preconventional morality
Learns good from bad based on punishment. Want to please parents so they do not get punished. Conform to rules so they do not get punished. Rules are seen as absolute. Have tendency to lie through the preschool age (expected).
Characteristics of child with conventional morality
Develops abstract thought in early to middle adolescence. Feels invulnerable during middle adolescence. Develops better impulse control by late adolescence. Can see other’s perspectives. Follows rules. Takes societal law into perspective. School age children in good boy and good girl stage: driven by wanting to do good. Able to judge and act by intention, not just by consequences
