Developmental Psychology Flashcards
What is the assumption of the developmental area?
Assumes behaviour is affected by internal and external influences on our behaviour which affect our development e.g role models
What is the key theme of developmental psychology?
External influences on behaviour
Give a general strength of the developmental area
It has useful applications as development of behaviour can be seen
Give a general weakness of the developmental area
Can sometimes have restricted ethnocentric samples
What are the two studies within the developmental area?
Bandura - classical study
Chaney - contemporary study
What was the aim of chaney’s study?
To investigate whether the new asthma device can provide positive reinforcement to improve adherence of using inhalers in young asthmatics
What does adherence mean?
The act of doing what you have been asked to
What is operant conditioning?
Learning through the consequences of our behaviour e.g rewards and punishments
What is positive reinforcement?
Involves rewarding behaviour to encourage that the behaviour will continue
Describe Chaney’s sample
32 children from Australia aged between 1.5-6 years old
Children had an average duration of having asthma for 2.2 years
How were the parents a part of chaney’s study?
They gave consent and participated in questionnaires and phone interviews
What is a funhaler?
Inhaler that uses incentives toys such as a spinner and a whistle. encourages them to do it properly
How did Chaney gather his sample?
Parents of asthmatic children who were already using a standard inhaler were contacted by phone via GP/Paediatrician
What sampling method did Chaney use?
Opportunity sampling
Why did the researcher visit their homes in chaney’s study?
In order for parents to complete a consent form and a questionnaire about current inhaler.
How long were children given the funhaler for?
2 weeks
What were parents asked over the phone at various times during the 2 weeks?
Whether they had used the funhaler the previous day
After the 2 weeks what were the parents given?
A questionnaire to complete
Give 2 findings from chaney’s study
Participants who had used inhaler the day before, standard (59%) funhaler (81%)
Parents who were ALWAYS successfully medicating child, standard (10%) funhaler (73%)
What can you conclude about Chaney’s study?
Improved adherence and better attitudes suggest funhaler may be useful for management of young asthmatics
Parents more likely to administer medication
What research method was used in Chaney’s study?
Field
What research design was used in Chaney’s study?
Repeated measures
What was the independent variable in Chaney’s study?
The way in which they get their medication e.g funhaler/standard
What were the dependent variables in Chaney’s study?
Adherence
Ease of use
How happy to take it
What was the aim of Bandura’s study?
To demonstrate that if children were witness to an aggressive act displayed by an adult they would imitate this aggressive behaviour when given the opportunity
What did they do before Bandura’s study?
Children were observed on their natural levels of aggression by their nursery teacher and an experimenter using 5 point rating scales
Why did they have to do this before Bandura’s study?
To check their natural levels of aggression and to balance out the aggression in each sub condition
Describe the participants in Bandura’s study
72 (36 boys 36 girls)
Age range= 3-5
From Stanford University nursery school
Give 2 examples of an aggressive toy and a non-aggressive toy in bandura’s study
Aggressive=
Mallet
3ft bobo doll
Non-aggressive=
Tea set
Crayons
What were the 3 IVS in Bandura’s study?
Behaviour of the model- aggressive/ non-aggressive
Sex of the model- male/female
Sex of the child- male/female
What was the DV behaviour checklist used by researchers in room 3?
Imitative Aggression
Partially-imitative
Non-imitative
No aggression
What were the 3 conditions in Bandura’s study?
Aggressive
Non-aggressive
Control
24 children in each
How did they divide the 24 children in the aggressive and non-aggressive conditions?
6 boys with same sex role model
6 boys with opposite sex role model and same with girls
What happened in stage 1 of bandura’s study?
Each child taken individually to a room and model was invited to join the game.
In non-aggressive condition model played with tinker toys and ignored bobo doll
In aggressive condition model began playing with tinker toys and after 1 minute turned to be aggressive to bobo doll
How long were children in stage 1 for?
10 minutes
What was stage 2?
Aggression arousal
What happened in the aggression arousal?
Children taken to a smaller room with attractive toys. they were told they could play with them but after about 2 monte they were told they couldn’t play with them and she had decided to keep them for other children
What happened in stage 3?
A range of toys were set up always in the same place for each child including all the toys from the first room.
For 20 minutes the child was allowed to play while being observed through a one way mirror
How did they observe the children?
A time point sample was used where every 5 seconds a note was made of the behaviour shown in one of the categories
Give 2 findings from Bandura’s study
Boys imitated more physically aggressive acts than girls but their was little difference in verbal aggression
Children who observed the aggressive models made far more imitative aggressive responses than those in the other 2 conditions
What can you conclude from Bandura’s study?
Children’s behaviour can be affected by external influences such as role models
Evidence for SLT
Give an example of verbal aggression used by the children in Bandura’s study
‘Sock him in the nose!’
Give 2 similarities between bandura and chaney
Sample was both children
Ethnocentric
Give 2 differences between Bandura and Chaney
Bandura=larger sample Chaney=smaller sample
Bandura= both qualitative and quantitative data Chaney= quantitative data
