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RAD514 > Developmental Milestones 16.2.24 > Flashcards

Developmental Milestones 16.2.24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Apophysis?

A

Secondary ossification centre

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2
Q

What does an Apophysis form?

A

Forms an insertion point for a ligament or tendon
It does not form direct articulation with another bone at a joint

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3
Q

What is an Epiphysis?

A

Distal end of a long bone involved in articulation

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4
Q

What age does the 5th Apophysis appear and fuse?

A

Apophysis of the 5th metatarsal base appears on X-rays
:Girls - age 10
:Boys - age 12

Fusion is usually within 2-4 years following

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5
Q

Where is the Calcaneal Apophysis?
When does it appear and fuse?

A

The Apophysis for the posterior extremity of the calcareous appears at 10 years and unites after puberty

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6
Q

What is sever disease in the Calcaneal Apophysis and what causes it?

A

Inflammation of the growth plate in the Calcaneal
Caused by repetitive stress tot he heel.
Common in active children

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7
Q

What is the Geist classification used to classify?

A

Accessory navicular classification

= 3 types

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8
Q

Where are the Metatarsal and metacarpal epiphysis found?

A

1st epiphyses are proximal
2nd - 5th are distal

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9
Q

What is a Psuedoepiphysis?

A

A second ossification centre distinct from the normal epiphysis

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10
Q

What is an Ivory epiphysis?

A

Sclerosis of the epiphyses - looks like ivory on X-ray

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11
Q

What is a Cleft epiphysis?

A

A normal variant of an epiphysis - can be unilateral or bilateral

Often mistaken for a fracture

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12
Q

What age does the Capitate appear?

A

1-3 months

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13
Q

What age does the Hamate appear?

A

2-4 months

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14
Q

What age does the Triquetrum appear?

A

2-3 years

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15
Q

What age does the Lunate appear?

A

2-4 years

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16
Q

What age does the Scaphoid appear?

A

4-6 years

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17
Q

What age does the Trapezium appear?

A

4-6 years

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18
Q

What age does the Trapezoid appear?

19
Q

What age does the Pisiform appear?

A

8-12 years

20
Q

Which landmark has several ossification centres which can mimic loose bodies with in the joint ?

21
Q

What age does the Capitellum appear?

A

2-24 months

22
Q

What age does the Radial head appear?

23
Q

What age does the Internal (medial) epicondyle appear?

24
Q

What age does the Trochlea appear?

A

8-10 years

25
Q

What age does the Olecranon appear?

A

8-10 years

26
Q

What age does the Lateral (external) epicondyle appear?

A

10-13 years

27
Q

What age does the Head of femur appear?

A

6 moths - 1 year

28
Q

What age does the Greater trochanter appear?

29
Q

What age does the Lesser trochanter appear?

A

12-14 years

30
Q

Above centres fuse with femoral shaft by age?

A

17-18 years

31
Q

What age does the Ischial-pubic ramus appear and unite?

A

Appears 6-8 years
Unites 6-12 years

32
Q

What age does the Iliac crest ossification centre appear and unite?

A

Appears 14 years
Unites by 19 years

33
Q

What age does the Tip of pubis appear?

34
Q

What age does the Tip of Ischium appear?

35
Q

At what age does the Acetabulum cap appears as tritadiate cartilage?
What age does it unite?

A

13 years
Unite by 20 years

36
Q

At what age does the Tridate cartilage united and appear as a cup?

37
Q

What age is DDH - Developmental dysplasia of the hip seen?

A

0 - 1 years

38
Q

What age is Perthes Disease seen?
Which sex is it most commonly seen in ?

A

4 - 10 years
More common in boys

39
Q

What age is SUFE - slipped upper femoral epiphysis seen?
Which sex is it more commonly seen in?

A

11-16 years
Boys more than girls

40
Q

What age does Ossification centres of both ends of the clavicle fuse?

A

Lateral end : 5 weeks in uteri
Medial end : 15 years

41
Q

At what age does the Ossification centres of the proximal humerus fuse?

A

Diaphysis (shaft) : 8 weeks in utero
Head : 1-6 months
Greater tubercle : 1 year
Lesser tubercle : 3-5 years

42
Q

At what age does the Ossification centres of the scapula appear?
Body, Coracoid, glenoid, inferior angle, acromion and medial border

A

Body : 8 weeks in utero
Coracoid process (2 centres) : 12 - 18 months
Glenoid : 10-11 years
Inferior angle : 14 - 20 years (puberty)
Acromion ( 3 centres) : 14 - 20 years (puberty)
Medial border : 14 - 20 years (puberty)

43
Q

What is the Os Acromiale?
At what age does the acromion fuse?

A

Normal variant - unfused ossification centre of the acromion
The acromion secondary ossification centre usually fuses by age 25

44
Q

What are the ossification centres of Vertebrae?
What age does the C3-L5 ossification centres appear and fuse?

A

C3 - L5 have 5 ossification centres that appear at puberty and fuse by 25-30

  • tip of the spinous process
  • at the tip of each transverse process
  • 2 as a ring epiphyses at the upper and lower surfaces of the vertebral bodies

RAD514 (21 decks)

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