Developmental Disorders

Question 1

• Cognitive = mild LD to severe ID; can also have attention and hyperactivity problems - Behavioral = may be anxious in new situations or aggressive - characteristic physical features - sensory sensitivities - may have trouble w/speech and language Nearly half meet criteria for ASD, sensory processing is important

Answer 1

Fragile X

Question 2

malformation of 1 or more vertebra. In most cases no problems

Answer 2

spina bifida oculta

Question 3

Genetic condition characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement

Answer 3

muscular dystrophy

Question 4

birth defect where there is a sac protruding from the spinal column - may be covered w/skin or meninges. Least common

Answer 4

spina bifida meningocele

Question 5

• Difficulty with visual-spatial tasks (e.g. drawing, puzzles) - Do well with tasks involving spoken language, music, and rote memorization - Can be hypersocial - High risk of cardiovascular disease (specifically supravalvular aortic stenosis) - Distinctive facial features in younger children - May also have connective tissue abnormalities, increased calcium in infancy, developmental delay, problems with coordination, and short stature

Answer 5

Williams Syndrome

Question 6

• Hypotonia, feeding problems, poor growth, and developmental delays in infancy - Development of an insatiable appetite and chronic overeating in childhood - High risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes - Mild to moderate ID and learning disabilities - Behavioral problems: temper outbursts, stubbornness, compulsive behavior, sleep problems - Characteristic facial features

Answer 6

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Question 7

Group of movement disorders involving permanent non-progressive central motor dysfunction that affects muscle tone, posture, and movement

Answer 7

cerebral palsy

Question 8

most common and severe. Characterized by cleft in vertebral column, corresponding defect in the skin so that meninges and SC are exposed. - can lead to weakness and lack of sensation affecting LEs and bowel/bladder dysfunction. - closed neural tube defect

Answer 8

spina bifida myelomeningocele