Developmental defects - Funny Looking Things

Question 1

What causes orofaccial clefts?

Answer 1

Secondary to lack of or improper merging & fusion of developmental process. Environmental and genetic factors.

Question 2

Lateral palatine process also known as

Answer 2

Secondary palate/hard palate

Question 3

What happens if secondary palate doesnt zip up?

Answer 3

Bifid uvula

Question 4

List the various cleft

Answer 4

Cleft lip, cleft palate, Lateral facial cleft, Oblique facial cleft
Median cleft of the upper lip & Median maxillary anterior alveolar cleft

Question 5

Environmental factors that cause orofacial clefts.

Answer 5

Maternal alcohol & cigarettes, folic acid deficiency, corticosteroid use, Anticonvulsants,

Question 6

What is a syndrome?

Answer 6

3 or more clinical problems that occur together more frequently than statistically they should occur.

Question 7

Cleft lip and or palate is?

Answer 7

failure of medial nasal process (primary palate) & maxillary process to fuse

Question 8

What percent do cleft lip and palate occur together?

Answer 8

45%
30% CP alone
25% CL alone
3 - 8% associated with syndromes.

Question 9

Complete and incomplete cleft

Answer 9

Complete goes all the way up to the nares. Incomplete does not.

Question 10

Cleft lip more common in?

Answer 10

Males

Asians higher occurrence and Blacks lower

Question 11

Cleft palate is?

Answer 11

failure of the palatal shelves to come together and fuse.

Question 12

Cleft plate is more common in?

Answer 12

Females

ranges from severe to mild

Question 13

What is minimal cleft palate?

Answer 13

Bifid uvula also mild cleft palate.

Question 14

Bifid uvula is has high frequency in which race?

Answer 14

Asian and Native American.

Less common in Blacks

Question 15

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Answer 15

Cleft Palate + Mandibular Micrognathia + Glossoptosis + Airway obstruction

Question 16

Problems with Pierre Robin Syndrome?

Answer 16

Feeding, speech and malocclusion.

Tx: Surgical repair

Question 17

Commussural Lip pits

Answer 17

blind invaginations 1-4mm deep located at the commissures. Painless

Question 18

Commussural Lip pits are common in?

Answer 18

Males . No Tx necessaryy

Question 19

Paramedian Lip Pits

Answer 19

This are pits on the lip like deep fingernail prints

Question 20

Van der Woude syndrome

Answer 20

Paramedian Lip pits + cleft lip & or palate

Question 21

Double lip

Answer 21

Upper lip showing a redundant fold on mucosal side. Drops down & out when smiling.
Congenital & isolated or found with Ascher syndrome

Question 22

Ascher syndrome

Answer 22

Double lip + Blespharochalasis (double eyelid) + Nontoxic thyroid enlargement

Question 23

Fordyce granules

Answer 23

Ectopic sebaceous gland on oral mucosa. Yello or yellowish-white papules.

Question 24

Most common location of fordyce granules

Answer 24

buccal mucosa & vermilion border of lip.

LESS COMMON on retromolar area & tonsillar pillar

Question 25

Leukoedema

Answer 25

Diffuse, grayish-white milky opalesccent appearance Common in blacks Unkown cause. It disappears when the cheek is stretched.

Question 26

Microglossia

Answer 26

ranges from totally missing(aglossia) to a slightly small tongue. UNCOMMON

Question 27

What is associated to microglia

Answer 27

often associated with a syndrome or malocclusion

Question 28

Macroglossia

Answer 28

large tongue | uncommon causes drooling, difficult speech& eating, open bite, airway obstruction

Question 29

Reasons for Macroglossia

Answer 29

congenital/hereditary: Lymphangioma, cretinism, Down syndrome, MEN2b, Neurofibromatosis Acquired: edentulous mandible, amyloidosis, Acromegaly, Myxedema, Acromegaly etc

Question 30

Apergnathia

Answer 30

open bite caused by macroglossia

Question 31

Ankyloglossia

Answer 31

"tongue tied." A short thick lingual frenum causes limited protrusion of the tongue. Causes speech impediments. More COMMON in MALES

Question 32

Lingual thyroid

Answer 32

Caused by embryonic failure of the primitive thyroid gland to migrate from the foramen cecum to the normal position in the midline neck

Question 33

Lingual thyroid most common in

Answer 33

Females

Question 34

Hairy Tongue

Answer 34

Elongation of the FILIFORM papillae with increased keratin production or decrease desquamation & debris.

Question 35

Varicosities

Answer 35

Abnormally dilated & tortuous veins. Multiple red-blue-purple nodules.

Question 36

Caliber-persistent Artery

Answer 36

A main thick walled arterial branch in submucosal tissue. OLDER adults Usually on LIPS Linear & pulsating

Question 37

Eagle Syndrome (stylohyoid syndrome)

Answer 37

elongation & calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. Pain on swallowing, turning head & mouth wide opening due to impingement of nerves or blood vessels.

Question 38

Stafne Defect

Answer 38

Lingual cortical concavity filled with normal salivary gland tissue. Lingual Mandibular Salivary Gland Depression

Question 39

Location of Stafne Defect

Answer 39

Mostly submandibular gland in the posterior Mn below IAN. RARE: below bicuspids &associated with sublingual gland. MALE predilection

Question 40

Bohn's nodules

Answer 40

palatal cyst on newborn 1-2mm white or yellow-white papules on jxn of hard & soft palate

Question 41

Epstein's pearls

Answer 41

palatal cyst on newborn 1-2mm white or yellow-white papules near the midline.

Question 42

Most COMMON nonodontogenic cyst of the oral cavity

Answer 42

Nasopalatine duct cyst aka incisive canal cyst | Arises from epithelial remnants if the nasopalatine duct.

Question 43

Heart shaped radiolucency greater than 6mm

Answer 43

Nasopalatine duct cyst

Question 44

Most cysts are lined by squamous epi but which cysts are lined by pseudostrat columnar epi (respiratory epi)

Answer 44

Nasolabial cyst (NASOALVEOLAR CYST)

Question 45

Median palatal cyst

Answer 45

RARE swelling in midline of posterior hard palate

Question 46

Epidermoid cyst common in

Answer 46

young adults, male

Question 47

Dermoid cyst is

Answer 47

epidermoid ccyst with addition of aadnexal structures (sebaceous glands, hair follicles or sweat glands).

Question 48

Most common location of dermoid cyst orally

Answer 48

floor of mouth

Question 49

Painless epithelial remnants of the thryoglossal tract anywhere from foramen cecum to thyroid gland

Answer 49

Thyroglossal ducct ccyst

Question 50

Four yellow lesions

Answer 50

oral lymphoepithelial cyst Fordyce granules Abscess

Question 51

Synonym for Crouzon Syndrome

Answer 51

Craniofacial Dysostosis

Question 52

CROUZON SYNDROME (Craniofacial Dysostosis)

Answer 52

sutures in your calvarium and face close prematurely and have tight face, birds beak nose, micrognathia of Mn

Question 53

Pointed head and syndactyly (fingers connected)

Answer 53

Apert Syndrome: Acrocephalosyndactyly

Question 54

Mandibulofacial dysostosis

Answer 54

Aka Teacher collins syndrome. Autosomal dominant

Question 55

Hypophosphatasia

Answer 55

Hereditary decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase. Lack of cementum. DOES NOT affect decidious molars & permanent teeth

Question 56

Bilateral facial swelling mostly affecting Mandible?

Answer 56

Cherubism | X-ray:Bilateral “soap bubble” multilocular radiolucencies of the premolar-molar and ramus areas of the mandible

Question 57

Cleidocranial Dysplasia

Answer 57

Multiple unerupted teeth Lack of clavicles Short stature and large heads Hypertelorism and frontal bossing

Question 58

What syndrome? Osteomas (jaw), colon polyps, multiple odontomas

Answer 58

Gardners Syndrome

Question 59

Nevoid Basal cell carcinoma syndrome

Answer 59

Hypertelorism basal cell carcinoma skin multiple OKC skeletal abnormalities

Question 60

Defect in wall of small blood vessels allowing dilation and visible on skin and mucous membrane ?

Answer 60

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia