Developmental Coordination Disorder Flashcards
what is developmental coordination disorder
problems with motor coordination that interfere with academic performance and social integration in otherwise healthy children
T or F: DCD is often not diagnosed until children are school-aged
T
is DCD more common in boys or girls
boys
children are at 2.2x higher risk of DCD if…
- born weighing less than 1500g (3.3lb)
- born prematurely (<32 weeks)
T or F: there are specific subtypes for DCD
F: DCD is a very heterogenous group and subtypes have not been clearly defined
who can diagnoses DCD
physician or psychologist
criteria for diagnosis of DCD (4)
- motor performance deficits
- participation and ADL deficits
- early onset
- no other condition can explain deficits
*all 4 must be met
what are some coexisting conditions with DCD
-ADD
-ADHD
-ASD
-sensory differences
-learning disabilities
-intellectual disability
-depression/anxiety
-difficulties with self-concept of physical performance
-reduced social interaction
-decrs QOL
-incrs bullying risks
children with DCD show decreased activation and dysfunction of cortical networks in areas associated with…
timing of movements, motor control, motor learning, and spatial and error processing
what are 4 areas of the brain affected in DCD
- primary sensorimotor cortex
- posterior superior temporal gyrus
- cerebellum
- supplementary motor area
children with DCD have ______ response times and ______ force control
slow
poor
do kids with DCD often have hyper or hypotonicity
hypotonicity and/or joint laxity
what may parents report in their child with DCD
decreased societal participation, especially starting in middle school
what may teachers report in a child with DCD
- poor handwriting and academic performance
- poor performance in PE
- playing alone more
- less time in vigorous play when outside
what do children with DCD rely a lot on during ongoing movement
feedback… but they don’t use the feedback to make changes for the next attempt
T or F: children with DCD have difficulty analyzing tasks and understanding the parts
T
what are two outcome measures frequently used with DCD
MABC-2
BOT-2
*there are percentiles with these
2 most important interventions for children with DCD
- motor skill training
- neuromotor task training
