CP Introduction Flashcards
cerebral palsy is an ____ term
umbrella
Is CP permanent? is it progressive?
it is permanent but not progressive
CP primarily affects the development of…
movement and posture which causes activity limitation
what are some other impairments CP can cause?
- cognition
- behavior
- communication (speech, hearing, vision)
- sensation
- epilepsy
- perception
studies show children with hemiplegic CP have impaired _____ vision
anticipatory
*this affects action planning and execution
worldwide, there are ______ million people with CP
17 million
is congenital or traumatic CP more common?
congenital (85%)
T or F: CP is a very costly disorder
T ($1 million per child)
Is CP more common in boys or girls? caucasions or african americans?
boys
african americans
what is the most common type of CP?
spastic
T or F: many children with CP can walk independently
T: one study = 58.2%
3 periods in which you can acquire CP
antenatal
perinatal
postnatal
what are some antenatal causes of CP?
- vascular events
- maternal infection
- metabolic disorder
- genetic syndromes
- maternal ingestion of toxin
- maternal trauma
- placental abruption
excess of what vitamin could cause CP?
vitamin A
TORCH
T = toxoplasmosis
O = other
R = rubella
C = cytomegalovirus
H = Herpes
*some of the most common infections associated with congenital anomalies
what are some causes of perinatal CP
- problems during labor and delivery
- hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
- CVA
- severe hypoglycemia
- untreated jaundice
- severe neonatal infection
with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy where do you normally see damage?
diffuse injury to the cerebral cortex (similar to stroke)
*patchy presentation
what happens with untreated jaundice?
bilirubin deposits in the gray matter (thalamus)
what are the 2 top causes of postnatal CP?
meningitis and encephalitis
other than infection, what are some other causes of post-natal CP?
- head injury or trauma
- near drowning, cardiac arrest during surgery, stroke, tumors
- small or large gestational age
what are 2 significant predictors of CP?
prematurity and low birth weight
3 ways to classify CP
1 - topography (which body part is affected)
2 - movement differences/CNS lesions
3 - functional abilities
monoplegia CP
affects one limb, usually an arm
hemiplegia CP
affects one side of the body
diplegia CP
affects either both arms or legs (usually legs, mild dysfunction in UE common)
quadriplegia CP
affects all 4 limbs, the trunk, and the face
4 types of CP based on movement differences
1 - spastic
2 dyskinesia (athetosis)
3 - ataxia
4 - mixed
what part of the brain does spastic CP affect
the white matter in the periventricular areas
spastic diplegia and quadriplegia involve lesions in ________ periventricular areas while spastic hemiplegia is _________
bilateral
unilateral
dyskinetic CP involved damage to what part of the brain
basal ganglia
*usually bilateral
ataxic CP involves damage to what part of the brain
cerebellum
*usually bilateral
mixed CP is a mixture of what 2 types
spasticity and dyskinesia
T or F: mixed CP involves a single lesion
F: multiple
3 functional levels to classify CP
1 - mild
2 - moderate
3 - severe
gross motor function classification system (GMFCS)
classifies severity of CP
GMFCS level 1
ambulatory without AD in the community
GMFCS level 2
walks without AD; limitations walking outdoors and in the community without an AD
GMFCS level 3
ambulatory with an AD
GMFCS level 4
sometimes manual wheelchair is possible, may need a power chair
GMFCS level 5
completely dependent on caregivers, needs power chair
functional mobility scale is rated from ____ to _____
1; 6
a child with a level _____ on FMS needs a wheelchair while a child with level ______ ambulates independently without an AD
1
6
manual ability classification system (MACS)
for children with CP which describes 5 levels of handling objects placed within easy reach and everyday functional tasks
pt has an infarct of the main MCA on the right side. no lesions on the left. what types of CP is this
hemiplegia
pt has bilateral periventricular leukomalacia. what type of CP do they have
diplegia
pt has generalized atrophy of the cerebellum and slight atrophy of pons. what type of CP is this
ataxic
pt has high intensities in bilateral globus pallidi. what type of CP is this
dyskinesia
