Developmental Clinical Notes / Diseases

Question 1

Fertilization of an empty oocyte results in this benign tumor, it causes exxcessive amounts of hCG.

Can cause: Vagina bleeding, pelvic pressure or pain, enlarged uterus, or hyperemesis gravidarum (morning sickness)

Answer 1

Hydatidiform Mole

Question 2

Identify the Neurotube Defects shown.

Answer 2

Spinal bifida occulta

Meningocele

Menegomyelocele

Myelocele (myeloschisis)

Question 3

This occurs during fertilization of a normal ooxyte by two sperm.

Answer 3

Partial hydatidiform mole

Question 4

Malignant tumor that arises from a hyditidiform mole. Can spread to liver, lungs, vagina, intestines, bone, and brain.

Answer 4

Choriocarcinoma

Question 5

Describe what an ectopic pregnancy is.

Answer 5

Abnormal embryo implantation that results in higher hCG, pain, and lack of embryo in uterus.

May happen in tubes, if happens in abdomin and organs there is a 90% chance of maternal death.

Question 6

What is the ectopic pregnancy that occurs in the internal cervical os.

Answer 6

Placenta Previa (Marginal, partial, total)

Antepartum bleeding means don’t do digital evaluation! Sonograph it. Palpation may cause hemmorage.

Question 7

What can failure of the prechordal plate to rupture and failure for epiblasts to migrate cause?

Answer 7

Oralpharyngeal teratoma

Question 8

What can failure of the cloacal to rupture and failure for epiblasts to migrate cause?

Answer 8

Scracoccygeal Terratoma

Question 9

What can arise from remnants of the notocord later on in life?

Answer 9

Chordomas

Occur in axial skeleton in spheno occipital region of skull and sacral regions as well.

Question 10

What disease may occur due to abnormal rib development?

Answer 10

Thoracic outlet syndrome - cervical rib

Question 11

Disease characterized by a sternum protrusion.

Answer 11

Pectus carinatum

“Pidgeon chest”

Cause is not exactly known

Question 12

Disease characterized by sternum depression.

Answer 12

Funnel chest

-May compress heart and shift location to the right

Question 13

Disease that is due to the absence of hypomere migration to the chest.

Answer 13

Poland syndrome

Question 14

Disease associated with the following characteristics:

Associated with syndactyly
Absence of pectoralis major and minor
Ipsilateral breast hypoplasia
Absence of 2 to 4 ribs

Answer 14

Poland Syndrome

Question 15

Partial or complete absence of abdominal musculature

Answer 15

Prune belly syndrome

Question 16

Disease associated with the following:

Primarily affects males

Cryptorchidism (failure
of one or both testes to
descend)

Malformation of
urinary tract and
bladder / Urethral obstruction

Answer 16

Prune Belly Syndrome

Question 17

Problem with the rostral neuropore where it failed to close at appropriate time, and you are missing the neocortex and calvera (boney cover) of the brain.

Answer 17

Anencephaly

Question 18

Problems where the rostral neuropore failed to close at appropriate time.

Answer 18

Ancencephaly

Encephalocele (with ot without brain tissue)

Question 19

What are the neurocristopathies?

Answer 19

Hirschsprung’s Disease

Cleft lip/palate

DiGeorge Syndrome

Albinism

Neuroblastoma

Aorticpulmonary Sepation

Question 20

What is DiGeorge Syndrome?

Answer 20

Neurocristopathy involving hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroid, thymic dysplasia leading to immonudeficiency, defects in cardiac outflow and aoritc arches.

Question 21

Difference in lumbar puncture for newborn vs. adult.

Answer 21

Newborn: aim for L2 or L3 (not completely developed cauda equina)

Adult: aim for L1 or L2.

Question 22

Upregulation of the Zone of Polarizing Activity (ZPA) on posterior side of limb causes what during the six week of development?

Answer 22

Polydactyly

Question 23

What is caused by lack of BMPs in week 6-8?

Answer 23

Syndactyly

Question 24

What occurs during week 7 due to duplication of ZPA.

Answer 24

Polydactyly of foot, posterior elements on other side of big toe

Question 25

Thaledimide during pregnancy can cause what?

Answer 25

FGF 4, 8, 10 + Vasculature

Question 26

What happens when the apical ectodermal ridge is downregulated?

Answer 26

Split hand or Split foot disease

Ectrodatyly

Question 27

Congenital joint contractures that usually involces more then one joint. The cause is unclear but thought to be due to: Neurological defects, muscular abnormalities, joint and contigous tissue problems, and fetal crowding.

Answer 27

Arthrogryposis