Developmental Assessment & Growth Abnormalities - Exam 2 Flashcards
When should developmental assessment take place? Using what resources?
should occur at all well child visitis
and use validated screening tools
What is a developmental delay? Are they common or rare?
Refers to the circumstance in which a child has not demonstrated a developmental skill (such as walking) by an age at which the vast majority of normally developing children have accomplished this task
pretty common, 18% of kiddos have delays or conditions that place them at risk
What are developmental therapies options for kiddos who have been recognized as having a developmental delay?
speech, language, PT, OT, and educational therapy
birth to 3
older than 3, kiddo can receive services through the school
What is the M-CHAT? When is it given? How many parts does it have? What style?
Modified CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers
screen toddlers at 18-30 months to assess risk for Autism
2 parts :
20 item: yes/no report questionnaire
and structured f/u questionnaire administered by a health care provider
What should you do if you get an abnormal M-CHAT result?
should rescreen the patient again
What is the Denver Developmental Screening Tool? What age range? How many items?
screening tool that uses both parent and direct observation to screen function in: personal-social, gross motor, language and fine motor adaptive
Covers children 2 weeks to 6 years
125
The Denver development screen was designed to compare a given ______ with the performance of ______. **What does this allow for?
child’s performance
other children the same age
**Subjectively allows clinician to observe and assess child’s overall behavior
How do you properly interpret the Denver development screen? What should you do next?
Normal:
no delays and a maximum of one caution
Suspect:
two or more cautions and/or one or more delays
rescreen in one to two weeks
**What are the 6 drawbacks of the Denver screen? Which one is super highlighted?
- Validity is low
- Small sample size of normal (based on a little over 2000 kids)
- Does not require an advanced degree
4. Studies show only 50% with developmental needs are identified
- Length of time it takes to complete/score
- High sensitivity , but low specificity
What are the ages and stages questionnaires? **What 5 areas does it address?
19 age-specific surveys asks parents about developmental skills common in daily life
one month to 5.5 years
easily tailored to fit the needs of any family
Language/communication, personal-social, fine motor, gross motor, and problem solving
What do the results of the ages and stages questionnaire help you tell? How many questions in each area?
Results help determine if a child is on schedule
6 questions in each area
What is the result cut off for ages and stages? What are the 2 different options you should do next?
Cut off is 2 Standard Deviations below the mean
If below cutoff in one or more areas, diagnostic referral indicated
If close to cutoff, provide follow up activities to practice specific skills, then re-screen in 4-6 months, earlier if needed
What is the “Puppy Prop” position?
weight supported on forearms with head up
What is the developmental red flag for sitting?
Not sitting by 9 months
What is the developmental red flag for Moro reflex?
Persistence of Moro (reaction to sudden loss of support) past 6 months
What is the developmental red flag for not walking independently?
Not walking independently by 18 months
What is the developmental red flag for hand dominance?
Hand dominance before 18 months
early sign of CP i.e. one sided weakness
What is the developmental delays are associated with each other?
Often, fine motor delays are coupled with gross motor delays
What is the developmental red flag for babbling, pointing or gesturing?
No babbling, pointing, gesturing by 12 months
What is the developmental red flag for single words?
No single words by 16 months
What is the developmental red flag for failure of 2/3 words?
Failure of 2 word and 3 word sentences by 24 and 36 months respectively
What is the developmental red flag for smile/joyful expressions?
Failure to smile or show joyful expressions by 6 months
What does any regression of speech, language or social skills indicate?
it is a developmental red flag
**_______is more predictive of cognition and school achievement than any other milestone. What causes are often remediable?
Language Development
when delays are caused by lack of stimulation and exposure, or hearing impairments