Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Pathology I > Developmental abnormalities > Flashcards

Developmental abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

_______________ are defects of growth or development of a tissue or organ that are present, but not necessarily obvious, at birth

A

Congenital defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F; congenital defects always genetic or inherited

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the types of anatomical malformations?

A 
Failure to fuse
Failure to Canalize/separate
Cyst
Failure of structure development 
Abnormal structure development 
Ectopic development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the biochemical defects?

A

Inability to synthesize enzyme/protein

Usually due to genetic defect, and usually not a gross malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can the the etiology of a developmental anomalies

A 
Genetic/ inherited defect 
Infectious agent (usually virus) 
Nutrition 
Physical agent
Unknown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The outcome of a developmental anomaly is due to what two main factors

A

Timing

Tissue injured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Injury to a zygote usually has what effect on an embryo/fetus?

A

Death and reabsroption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Injury to an embryo usually has what outcome

A

Developmental anomaly carried to term

Death of embryo and abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Injury to fetus will usually have what outcome?

A

Illness/death of fetus

  • > abortion
  • > mummification
  • > stillbirth
  • > weak neonates
  • > persistent viremia and immunotolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do you call splitting of the hard palate (often seen in puppies))

A

Palatoschisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do you call splitting of the lip

A

Cheiloschisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Can palatoschisis and cheiloschisis be a problem? Why?

A

Yes
Respiratory infections (chronic rhinitis).
Aspiration pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A cat given griseofluvin during pregnancy can result in what developmental defect? What do you call this chemical?

A

Palatoschisis

Chemical teratogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do you call an animal with an extra digit? Should this animal breed?

A

Polydactyl

No-genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is pectus excavatum?

A

Congenital abnormality of thoracic skeleton where the caudal sternebrane deviate dorsally
->lateral flaring of rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What breed of cat are associated with pecks excavatum?

A

Persian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In a cat you see cerebellar hypoplasia. This developmental anomaly is likely due to ?

A

Feline panleukopenia virus (parvovirus)

18
Q

What might be the genetic etiology of developmental anomalies?

A

Inherited genes
Spontaneous mutation
Chromosomal anomalies
Breed predispositions

19
Q

What are developmental anomalies of Persian cats?

A 
Polycystic kidney disorder 
Cardiomyopathy 
Cataracts
Cleft palates and cleft lip 
Mega-esophagus 
Portosystemic shunt (liver) 
PDA
Entropion 
Amyloidosis 
Mucopolysaccharidosis
20
Q

In a kidney, you see cysts. What disease is this and what breed of cat is susceptible ?

A

Polycystic kidney disease

Persian

21
Q

Manx cats have a high percent of cats with what genetic defect

A

Spinal defects -> high mortality

22
Q

A dog with pancreatic aplasia or hypoplasia. What is the disease name and what type of anatomical defect is it?

A

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Failure to develop

23
Q

German Sheppard’s often have _______________ disease that causes pancreatic hypoplasia

A

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis

24
Q

A malformation of the coxofemoral joint is called ___________ and is due to what type of anatomical defect?

A

Hip dysplasia

Abnormal development of a structure

25
Q 
Give the MDX for a dog who's radiographs show... 
Flat heads of both femurs 
Flat acetabular rims 
Both luxated 
Early osteopaths
A

Coxofemoral malformation

Hip dysplasia

26
Q

You see many cows aborting late term fetuses. The fetuses have limbs that are fixed in place. What is this?

A

Arthrogryposis

Injury of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular tissues

27
Q

What is the pathogenesis of arthrogyposis?

A

Damage to muscular/neurological tissue -> limbs do not move during development -> connective tissue matures -> limbs fixed

28
Q

What is the etiology of arthogryposis?

A

Akabane (Bunyaviruius)

29
Q

Calves infected with bunyavirus at 10-180days will have what outcome?

A

Nerves affected -> severe nonsupperative myelitis -> arthogryposis

30
Q

Calves infected by bunyavirus between 80-100days will have what outcome?

A

Hydranencephaly and limbs that are fixed in place

31
Q

In a lamb you see and ear lacking an ear canal. What is the MDx and what type of ant atomically defect is is?

A

Atresia ani

Failure to canalize

Can be fixed surgically

32
Q

What is synophthalmia? What can it be caused by?

A

Fusion of the two eye orbits causing one eye (cyclops)

Veratrum californium at day 14 of gestation
Cyclopamine toxin from plant

33
Q

What is schistosomes reflexus? What type of anatomical defect is it?

A 
Animal is born inside out 
Stern also cleft 
Dorsal reflection of ribs 
Eventration of viscera 
Non-union of pelvic symphysis

Failure to fuse

No agent causes this but the cow will not be able to give birth to this animals -> requires and C section

34
Q

What is prognathia ?

A

Positioning of the maxilla or mandible forward of a normal position (over or underbite)

35
Q

Polydactyl is what type of anatomical defect?

A

Abnormal development of a structure

36
Q

What do you call the condition where the heart is found cranial within the neck?

A

Ectopic cordia

Ectopic development

37
Q

What do you call additional limbs?

A

Polymelia

38
Q

What is wry nose?

A

Maxillofacial deformity of equine

39
Q

What is lethal white syndrome?

A

Inherited genetic defect in foals

Causes colonic hypoplasia - cells of neuronal crest have poor formation of myenteric plexus
Albinism- no melanocytes

40
Q

What is lysosomal storage disease?

A

Genetic deficiency of particular lysosomal enzymes

-> vacuoles with accumulated substrate

Affects neurons, skeletal, and cardiac muscle (low replication)

41
Q

What do you call the disease where an animal is lacking enzymes that process surgars?

A

Biochemical defect

Mannosidosis (defect of mannosidase)

RUSVM Pathology I (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions