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RUSVM Pathology I > Bones 2 > Flashcards

Bones 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflammation of the bones?

A

Osteitis/osteomyelitis

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2
Q

Trauma may cause osteoperiositis with formation of exostosis

A

Aseptic inflammation

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3
Q

Where does infection of the bone tend to localize?

A

Piglets -> vertebral bodies

Metaphysics of long bones due to microanatomy of vessels

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4
Q

What is a common source of osteomyelitis in neonates?

A

Omphalophlebitis (inflammation of the umbilical vein)

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5
Q

What is actinomycosis? What lesions does it cause? How does the animal usually get it?

A

AKA lumpy jaw (Actinomyces bovis)
Gram positive branching filamentous bacteria

Localized, chronic, granulomatous abscess of mandible (bone) -> facial distortion, loss of teeth, and dyspnea

Introduced via penetrating wounds of the oral mucosa from wire or coarse hay sticks

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6
Q

In a cat you have chronic pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis. What bacteria do you suspect?

A 
Nocardia spp
(N asteroids is most common in dogs and cats)

Pleomorphic, gram positive
Facultative intracellular

Infection follows wounds

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7
Q

What is usually observed in patients with an intra-thoracic space occupying mass?

A

Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy/ osteopathy

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8
Q

Animal with painful swelling of limbs caused by peristaltic bone proliferation in long bones

A

Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy/osteopathy

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9
Q

Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy can occasionally be observed in young dogs with _________________ of the unitary bladder, and in mares with _________________

A

Rhabdomyosarcomas; ovarian tumors

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10
Q

Lion jaw is AKA? Who is it seen most commonly in?

A

Canine craniomandibular osteopathy

West highland white terriers

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11
Q

What is canine craniomandibular osteopathy?

A

Proliferative disorder confined to the bones of the skull, especially the mandibles, occipital and temporal bones -> discomfort when chewing or inability to open the mouth

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12
Q

Are bone neoplasia’ usually primary or secondary tumors?

A

Primary (primarily in dog, lesser in cat)

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13
Q

In what species are bone tumors usually malignant and what species tend to have benign bone tumors ?

A

Dog- malignant

Horse, cattle, and other domestic species - benign

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14
Q

What are the primary bone neoplasms?

A 
Osteoma
Ossifying fibroma 
Osteosarcoma 
Chondroma 
Chondrosarcoma 
Multilobular tumor of bone
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15
Q

What is the most common primary bone tumor of dogs and cats?

A

Osteosarcoma

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16
Q

What breeds and age of dogs are most susceptible to osteosarcoma

A

Large breed - St. Bernard, Great Dane, Irish Setter, Boxer, Doberman, Rottweiler, and Labrador Retrievers

Mean age 7.5

More in males

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17
Q

What tumors accounts for approx 10% of primary bone tumors?

A

Chondrosarcoma

-involves flat bones (rib, nasal tubinates, and pelvis ) more than long bones

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18
Q

What are the types of joints?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous -united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocatilage
Synovial -covered by hyaline and articular capsule surrounding fluid filled cavity

19
Q

Joint injuries most commonly occur in synovial (diarthodial) joints, what are the results?

A

Fibrillation (fraying)

Eburnation “joint mice”

20
Q

What can form due to chronic joint injury?

A

Osteophyte

21
Q

What is villous hypertrophy/hyperplasia

A

Manifestation of chronic joint injury

Villi of hyperplasia extend from the synovial membrane

22
Q

What is a pannus?

A

Fibrovascular (granulation) and histocytic tissue that develops within the synovial membrane at its junction with the periosteum and cartilage margins.

Can spread over the articular surface as a velvety membrane

23
Q

What generic term is used to describe a joint with severe chronic injury?

A

End-stage joint

24
Q

What the appearance of an end-stage joint?

A 
Variable degrees of damage to articular cartilage
deformation
osteophyte
Pannus formation
capsular fibrosis
synovial villous hypertrophy
Occasional ankylosis
25
Q

What is ankylosis?

A

Fixation of the joint

26
Q

What is osteochondrosis (dyschondroplasia)?

A

Abnormal growth and maturation of the articular cartilage

27
Q

What is the most common cause of lameness in domestic animals?

A

Osteochondrosis

28
Q

What form of osteochondrosis is characterized by the separation of a piece of articular cartilage form the subchondral bone?

A

Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)

29
Q

What is characterized by a lack of conformity between the femoral head and acetabulum?

A

Hip dysplasia

Large breed dogs!

30
Q

What is an early finding to hip dysplasia?

A

Joint laxity (instability)

31
Q

What is a Hansen’s type I intervertebral disk disease?

A

Nucleus pulposa is extruded from the annulus fribrosis

32
Q

What is a Hansen’s type II inververtebral disk disease?

A

Protrusion of the nucleus pulposa into the annulus fibrosis (still within capsule)

33
Q

Osteophyte formation at ventral and lateral margins of vertebral bodies adjacent to vertebral spaces

A

Spondylosis
AKA
Spondylosis defomans
Ankylosing spondylosis

34
Q

What is primary degenerative joint disease?

A

No apparent predisposing cause. Generally observed in older animals

35
Q

What is secondary degenerative joint disease?

A

Associated with underlying abnormality in the joint or its supporting structures which leads to premature degeneration of the articular cartilage (eg hip dysplasia/trauma/inflammation)

36
Q

What is a degenerative diseases in horse affecting the inter-phalangeal joints??

A

Ring bone

Common in horses used in rodeo or polo-> chronic trauma from abrupt stops/turns

37
Q

What are common bacteria in septic arthritis of cattle?

A

Trueperella pyogenes
E.coli (calf)
Histophilus somni
Mycoplasma bovis

38
Q

What are common bacterial isolates from septic arthritis in swine?

A 
Trueperella 
Erysipelothrix 
Strep suis 
Haemophilus suis and parasites 
Mycoplasma hyorrhinis 
Micocpalsma hyosynoviae
39
Q

What is a common bacteria isolated from septic arthritis of dogs and humans

A

Borrellia burgdorferi

40
Q

What is caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE)?

A

Retrovirus > respiratory and neurological syndrome -> joint lesions are characterized by a lymphocytic hyperplastic synovitis with formation of carpal hygromas

41
Q

What is a hygroma?

A

Chronic lesions that appears as a flattened cystic fluid filled subcutaneous distention over the crainal carpus

42
Q

Non-infectious arthritis etiology? What is the pathogenesis ??

A

Immune -mediated

Persistence of antigen in the synovial membrane of affected joints -> deposition of the immune complexes derived from inflammatory lesions -> erosive and non-erosive forms described

43
Q

Malignant neoplasms of joints arise from _____________

A

Synovial membrane

44
Q

What are the two types of malignant neoplasms of joints?

A

Synovial cell sarcoma : malignant tumor arising form synovial fibrocyte origin

Histocytic sarcoma: malignant tumor arising form cells of histocytic phenotype, possible dendritic (Langerhans) cells present in the synovium

RUSVM Pathology I (17 decks)

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