Development Psych #1 Flashcards
What kinds of questions would be of interest to Developmental Psychologists?
How does memory develop? Why do your early memories begin at age 2 or 3? How did your memory encode before that?
Why can you reason better as an adult versus a child? How did your earliest experience impact this?
How did you go from someone who could not speak or understand language to someone that can speak and comprehend it?
How is the stress system regulated? What role do relationships play in this in adolescence and puberty?
What is meant by a “cells to society” approach? What kinds of research are done at each level?
Molecular level in genetics to societal levels and everything in between
Individual
Micro system
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem
What is meant by “bidirectional influences” in developmental psychology?
Individuals affect their surroundings and vice versa across all levels of the cell to society approach; its complex
What kind of measures do developmental psychologists use?
Molecular data level: Genes, epigenetics
Systems level: Neuroimaging, hormones
Behavioral level - Individual: Observations, questionnaires, responses to tasks/tests
Behavioral level - Interactions: Among dyads, triads, or groups
School and neighborhood level
National, Cultural levels
According to the Hart & Risley (1995) study, how does SES (Social & Economic Status) of parents affect the size of children’s vocabulary?
By 24 months, the achievement gap emerged and by 36 months it was apparent.
In the replication of Hart & Risley done by Fernald (2013) with low-income Spanish Speaking families, what was the relationship between the number of words that kids heard at the age of 19 months and the speed of processing language at 24 months?
Talking with the child is more important than just the words they are overhearing; they are processing the language before they can begin talking
Babies who heard more speech would move their eyes earlier
What is the Post-Hoc fallacy? What would a genetic explanation be for these findings?
A logical fallacy that occurs when someone assumes that because one event occurred after another, then the second event must have been caused by the first; they are related so they have genetic similarities
Why is a Randomized Clinical Trial hard to do with children?
because experimenters would need to be with the children, varying exposed words to the children, and having a control group of children - this just isn’t feasible with parents.
What is the relationship between social class and brain development?
Regardless of social class, they have the same amount of brain matter for months, but as you age The higher SES has more gray brain matter
What did Luby and colleagues (2013) find in their study of factors mediating the effects of family income on the size of a child’s hippocampus?
The higher your income, the larger your hippocampus
Parent education, 2. supportive vs. hostile parenting, 3. child’s stressful life events - 2 & 3 most important
What is the Chicago Longitudinal Study? What were the effects of the intervention on school readiness? Repeating a grade? Completing High School?
Comprehensive program: preschool, family services, parent involved from age 3 to third grade; they were more ready for school, less likely to repeat a grade, and more likely to repeat high school
What kind of Return on Investment was obtained for the Chicago Study and why?
Every dollar put in, $7 returned by age 21; $10 by age 26 because they are holding down jobs and not being incarcerated
