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MSK I > Development of the Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Development of the Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

when does the neural tube start to form

A

3 weeks

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2
Q

what does the fourth somite on the neural tube separate

A

the part of the tube that develops into the brain and the part that develops into the spinal cord

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3
Q

central nervous system consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

peripheral nervous system consists of

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, enteric plexus, sensory receptors
- anything that starts in the spinal cord or skull and leaves to go to a target muscle or gland

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5
Q

somatic peripheral nervous system

A

motor and sensory portions; voluntary and conscious movement

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6
Q

autonomic peripheral nervous system

A

motor and sensory portions; involuntary movement

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7
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest; involuntary

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8
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight; involuntary

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9
Q

what three parts make up the grey matter in the spinal cord

A

posterior horn
lateral horn
anterior horn

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10
Q

posterior (dorsal) horn of the grey matter

A

sensory portion

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11
Q

lateral horn of the grey matter

A

autonomics

- through T1–>L2

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12
Q

anterior (ventral) horn of the grey matter

A

cell bodies of motor neurons

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13
Q

grey matter of spinal cord

A

location of cell bodies of neurons

- not myelinated (why it’s grey)

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14
Q

white matter of spinal cord

A

mostly axons

- myelinated (why it’s white)

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15
Q

what three parts make up the white matter in the spinal cord

A

posterior funiculus
lateral funiculus
anterior funiculus

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16
Q

posterior (dorsal) funiculus of the white matter

A

sensory portion

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17
Q

lateral funiculus of the white matter

A

sensory and motor portions

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18
Q

anterior (ventral) funiculus of the white matter

A

primarily motor

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19
Q

alar plate

A

sensory portion of the neural tube

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20
Q

basal plate

A

motor portion of the neural tube

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21
Q

sulcus limitans

A

groove that separates alar plate and basal plate on the neural tube

separates affarent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

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22
Q

central canal of neural tube

A

hole that forms after neural tube closes; connected to vascular system in brain

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23
Q

ventricular zone of the neural tube

A

adjacent to the central canal; contains stem cells that give rise to ependymoblast which gives rise to ependymal cells

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24
Q

intermediate zone of the neural tube

A

grey matter; consists of stem cells that have migrated in from the ventricular zone; also contains astrocytes

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25
marginal zone of the neural tube
white matter; consists of myelinated axons; has oligodendrocytes
26
difference between oligodendrocytes and schwann cells
oligodendrocytes myelinate within the CNS; schwann cells myleniate in the PNS oligodendrocytes come from neural tube; schwann cells come from neural crest
27
where does the spinal cord end in newborns vs adults
newborns: L2 or L3 adults: L1 or L2
28
why does the cauda equina form
the spinal cord and vertebral column are originally the same length, but the vertebral column grows much faster which stretches the bottom forming the cauda equina
29
high BMP levels activate what in the formation of the spinal cord
PAX3 and PAX7
30
high SHH levels activate what in the formation of the spinal cord
NKX2.2 and NKX 6.2
31
where are BMPs released from
roof plate and surface ectoderm
32
where is SHH released from
notochord and floor plate
33
how is the alar plate formed
high BMP --> PAX3 and PAX7 activated --> turn on sensory neuron differentiation --> alar plate
34
how is the basal plate formed
high SHH --> NKX2.2 and NKX6.1 activated --> turn on ventral neuron formation --> basal plate
35
lots of BMP results in:
dorsally patterned (sensory) cell bodies in grey matter
36
lots of SHH results in:
ventrally patterned (motor) cell bodies in grey matter
37
motor neurons and pre-ganglionic autonomic neurons develop from
neural tube
38
- neurons of dorsal root ganglia - sensory ganglia of cranial nerves - schwann cells - sympathetic ganglia - parasympathetic ganglia - --all develop from: _______
neural crest
39
ventral root ganglia develop from
neuroectoderm
40
dorsal ramus sensory and motor functions
motor to dorsal muscles | sensory to dorsal integument
41
ventral ramus sensory and motor functions
motor to limbs, lateral and ventral body wall | sensory to integument of same regions
42
ramus communicantes
motor and sensory function to the viscera; how you get in and out of the autonomic ganglia
43
general somatic efferent (GSE) neurons - derived from - what they supply
type of motor neurons from the neuroectoderm; somatic muscle like biceps, rhomboids, etc
44
general visceral efferent (GVE) neurons - derived from - what they supply
type of motor neurons from the neuroectoderm; autonomics to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands (parasympathetics and sympathetics)
45
brachial or special visceral efferent (SVE) neurons - derived from - what they supply
type of motor neurons from the neuroectoderm; muscles derived from pharyngeal arches
46
general somatic afferent (GSA) neurons - derived from - what they supply
provide sensory in the skin, joint capsule, tendons, muscles | - neural crest derived
47
general visceral afferent (GVA) neurons - derived from - what they supply
provide sensory of visceral structures | - neural crest derived
48
special somatic afferent (SSA) neurons
provide hearing, balance, sight
49
special viscera afferent (SVA)
provide taste and smell
50
function of the autonomic nervous system
innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
51
ganglia and post-ganglion cells are formed from the
neural crest
52
pre-ganglion cells are formed from the
neuroectoderm
53
physical differences between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system
preganglionic: shorter and myelinated postganglionic: longer and not myelinated
54
where does the pre-ganglionic neuron cell body begin and end up (what's its path)
in lateral horn of spinal cord to synapse in the ganglion cell
55
the cranial region of the parasympathetic nervous system consists of
primarily cranial nerves (3, 7, 9, 10)
56
the sacral region of the parasympathetic nervous system consists of
2nd - 4th sacral spinal nerves | S2, 3, 4
57
physical differences between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system
preganglionic: long and myelinated postganglionic: short and not myelinated
58
what are the four parasympathetic ganglia leading to the head and neck
1. ciliary ganglion 2. pterygopalatine ganglion 3. submandibular ganglion 4. otic ganglion
59
when do oligodendrocytes myelinate
6 months through puberty
60
when do schwann cells myelinate
4th month | - motor roots are myelinated before sensory roots
61
where does the ependyma originate
neuroectoderm
62
where does the epitherlium of choroid plexus originate
neuroectoderm
63
where do oligodendrocytes originate
neuroectoderm
64
where do dendrites and axons originate
neuroectoderm
65
where do protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes originate from
neuroectoderm
66
efferent (motor) neurons originate from
neuroectoderm
67
afferent (sensory) neurons originate from
neural crest cells
68
where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system located
in the spinal cord in the thoraco-lumbar region | - T1-->L2
69
what is the path of post-ganglionic neurons (where do they start and where do they end)
start in the ganglion and move out to different targets

MSK I (15 decks)

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