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MSK I > Development of the Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Development of the Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

when does the neural tube start to form

A

3 weeks

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2
Q

what does the fourth somite on the neural tube separate

A

the part of the tube that develops into the brain and the part that develops into the spinal cord

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3
Q

central nervous system consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

peripheral nervous system consists of

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, enteric plexus, sensory receptors
- anything that starts in the spinal cord or skull and leaves to go to a target muscle or gland

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5
Q

somatic peripheral nervous system

A

motor and sensory portions; voluntary and conscious movement

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6
Q

autonomic peripheral nervous system

A

motor and sensory portions; involuntary movement

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7
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest; involuntary

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8
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight; involuntary

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9
Q

what three parts make up the grey matter in the spinal cord

A

posterior horn
lateral horn
anterior horn

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10
Q

posterior (dorsal) horn of the grey matter

A

sensory portion

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11
Q

lateral horn of the grey matter

A

autonomics

- through T1–>L2

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12
Q

anterior (ventral) horn of the grey matter

A

cell bodies of motor neurons

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13
Q

grey matter of spinal cord

A

location of cell bodies of neurons

- not myelinated (why it’s grey)

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14
Q

white matter of spinal cord

A

mostly axons

- myelinated (why it’s white)

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15
Q

what three parts make up the white matter in the spinal cord

A

posterior funiculus
lateral funiculus
anterior funiculus

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16
Q

posterior (dorsal) funiculus of the white matter

A

sensory portion

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17
Q

lateral funiculus of the white matter

A

sensory and motor portions

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18
Q

anterior (ventral) funiculus of the white matter

A

primarily motor

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19
Q

alar plate

A

sensory portion of the neural tube

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20
Q

basal plate

A

motor portion of the neural tube

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21
Q

sulcus limitans

A

groove that separates alar plate and basal plate on the neural tube

separates affarent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

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22
Q

central canal of neural tube

A

hole that forms after neural tube closes; connected to vascular system in brain

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23
Q

ventricular zone of the neural tube

A

adjacent to the central canal; contains stem cells that give rise to ependymoblast which gives rise to ependymal cells

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24
Q

intermediate zone of the neural tube

A

grey matter; consists of stem cells that have migrated in from the ventricular zone; also contains astrocytes

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25
Q

marginal zone of the neural tube

A

white matter; consists of myelinated axons; has oligodendrocytes

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26
Q

difference between oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

A

oligodendrocytes myelinate within the CNS; schwann cells myleniate in the PNS

oligodendrocytes come from neural tube; schwann cells come from neural crest

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27
Q

where does the spinal cord end in newborns vs adults

A

newborns: L2 or L3
adults: L1 or L2

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28
Q

why does the cauda equina form

A

the spinal cord and vertebral column are originally the same length, but the vertebral column grows much faster which stretches the bottom forming the cauda equina

29
Q

high BMP levels activate what in the formation of the spinal cord

A

PAX3 and PAX7

30
Q

high SHH levels activate what in the formation of the spinal cord

A

NKX2.2 and NKX 6.2

31
Q

where are BMPs released from

A

roof plate and surface ectoderm

32
Q

where is SHH released from

A

notochord and floor plate

33
Q

how is the alar plate formed

A

high BMP –> PAX3 and PAX7 activated –> turn on sensory neuron differentiation –> alar plate

34
Q

how is the basal plate formed

A

high SHH –> NKX2.2 and NKX6.1 activated –> turn on ventral neuron formation –> basal plate

35
Q

lots of BMP results in:

A

dorsally patterned (sensory) cell bodies in grey matter

36
Q

lots of SHH results in:

A

ventrally patterned (motor) cell bodies in grey matter

37
Q

motor neurons and pre-ganglionic autonomic neurons develop from

A

neural tube

38
Q
  • neurons of dorsal root ganglia
  • sensory ganglia of cranial nerves
  • schwann cells
  • sympathetic ganglia
  • parasympathetic ganglia
  • –all develop from: _______
A

neural crest

39
Q

ventral root ganglia develop from

A

neuroectoderm

40
Q

dorsal ramus sensory and motor functions

A

motor to dorsal muscles

sensory to dorsal integument

41
Q

ventral ramus sensory and motor functions

A

motor to limbs, lateral and ventral body wall

sensory to integument of same regions

42
Q

ramus communicantes

A

motor and sensory function to the viscera; how you get in and out of the autonomic ganglia

43
Q

general somatic efferent (GSE) neurons

  • derived from
  • what they supply
A

type of motor neurons from the neuroectoderm; somatic muscle like biceps, rhomboids, etc

44
Q

general visceral efferent (GVE) neurons

  • derived from
  • what they supply
A

type of motor neurons from the neuroectoderm; autonomics to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands (parasympathetics and sympathetics)

45
Q

brachial or special visceral efferent (SVE) neurons

  • derived from
  • what they supply
A

type of motor neurons from the neuroectoderm; muscles derived from pharyngeal arches

46
Q

general somatic afferent (GSA) neurons

  • derived from
  • what they supply
A

provide sensory in the skin, joint capsule, tendons, muscles

- neural crest derived

47
Q

general visceral afferent (GVA) neurons

  • derived from
  • what they supply
A

provide sensory of visceral structures

- neural crest derived

48
Q

special somatic afferent (SSA) neurons

A

provide hearing, balance, sight

49
Q

special viscera afferent (SVA)

A

provide taste and smell

50
Q

function of the autonomic nervous system

A

innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

51
Q

ganglia and post-ganglion cells are formed from the

A

neural crest

52
Q

pre-ganglion cells are formed from the

A

neuroectoderm

53
Q

physical differences between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system

A

preganglionic: shorter and myelinated
postganglionic: longer and not myelinated

54
Q

where does the pre-ganglionic neuron cell body begin and end up (what’s its path)

A

in lateral horn of spinal cord to synapse in the ganglion cell

55
Q

the cranial region of the parasympathetic nervous system consists of

A

primarily cranial nerves (3, 7, 9, 10)

56
Q

the sacral region of the parasympathetic nervous system consists of

A

2nd - 4th sacral spinal nerves

S2, 3, 4

57
Q

physical differences between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

preganglionic: long and myelinated
postganglionic: short and not myelinated

58
Q

what are the four parasympathetic ganglia leading to the head and neck

A
  1. ciliary ganglion
  2. pterygopalatine ganglion
  3. submandibular ganglion
  4. otic ganglion
59
Q

when do oligodendrocytes myelinate

A

6 months through puberty

60
Q

when do schwann cells myelinate

A

4th month

- motor roots are myelinated before sensory roots

61
Q

where does the ependyma originate

A

neuroectoderm

62
Q

where does the epitherlium of choroid plexus originate

A

neuroectoderm

63
Q

where do oligodendrocytes originate

A

neuroectoderm

64
Q

where do dendrites and axons originate

A

neuroectoderm

65
Q

where do protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes originate from

A

neuroectoderm

66
Q

efferent (motor) neurons originate from

A

neuroectoderm

67
Q

afferent (sensory) neurons originate from

A

neural crest cells

68
Q

where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system located

A

in the spinal cord in the thoraco-lumbar region

- T1–>L2

69
Q

what is the path of post-ganglionic neurons (where do they start and where do they end)

A

start in the ganglion and move out to different targets

MSK I (15 decks)

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