Back Clinical Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Jefferson fracture

Burst fracture

A

fracture of both arches of the atlas secondary to a blow to the top of the head; does not typically injure the spinal cord

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2
Q

hangman’s fracture

A

fracture of the vertebral arch of the axis secondary to hyperextension of the head on the neck

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3
Q

fracture of the odontoid process

A

may occur after a horizontal blow to the head

  • if it breaks at its base it will not heal
  • if it breaks inferior to the base it is more likely to heal
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4
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

development abnormality in which the veterbral lamina fail to fuse and close off the verterbral canal

  • commonly occurs at L5 and S1
  • tuft of hair present
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5
Q

spina bifida cystica

A

when spina bifida occulta incorporates the neural tissue and the meninges

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6
Q

why does it require less force to dislocate the cervical vertebrae

A

the articulating facets of the cervical vertebrae are more horizontal than the other vertebrae so it requires less force

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7
Q

spondylosis

A

degenerative joint disease which involves calcification of the edges of the vertebral body
- causes localized pain and stiffness

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8
Q

Spondylolysis

A

separation of the vertebral arch from the vertebral body

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9
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Anterior displacement of the Vertebral Body on the Inferior Vertebral Segment
- can occur secondary to spondylolysis

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10
Q

lumbar spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the lumbar vertebral foramen; may cause compression of one or more spinal nerve roots

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11
Q

lumbar puncture

A

needle inserted at L3/L4 or L4/L5 vertebae at the level of the iliac crest; needle passes through ligamentum flavum and “pops” as it passed into the lumbar cistern through the spinal dura and arachnoid mater

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12
Q

sacrilization of L5 vertebra

A

partial or complete incorporation of the L5 vertebral segment into the sacrum

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13
Q

lumbarization of S1 vertebra

A

separation of S1 vertebra from the sacrum

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14
Q

coccygodynia

A

follows coccygeal trauma

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15
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated curving of thoracic vertebral column resulting in “hunchback”

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16
Q

lordosis

A

exaggerated curving of the lumbar vertebral column results in “sway back”

17
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curving of the spine either to the right or left

18
Q

whiplash

A

results in excessive stretching and even tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament

19
Q

treatment for fracture of the vertebral column

A

patient should be kept in hyperextension at all times; the pull of the anterior longitudinal ligament will help realign fragments of bone and keep further injury to the spinal cord from occurring

20
Q

disc herniation

A

nucleus pulposis herniates through the annulus fibrosis; the resultant bulge compresses spinal nerve roots, the cauda equina, and spinal nerves in the vertebra canal and interverterbal foramina

21
Q

where is disc herniation most common and why

A

L4/L5 and L5/S1

- the discs are much larger and more mobile

22
Q

back sprain

A

injury to ligamentous attachments between bone

- usually the result of inadequate stretching before activity

23
Q

back strain

A

excessive stretching and sometimes tearing of muscle fibers produced by an overly strong muscular contraction

24
Q

back spasm

A

muscle tissue spasms (involuntarily contracts) in response to injury and inflammation as a protective measure

25
transection of spinal cord at C1-C3
no function below the head; respirator necessary for life (cannot breath on own)
26
transection of spinal cord at C4-C5
no function of any limbs; able to breath on own
27
transection of spinal cord at C6-C8
loss of hand and variable upper limb function; may be able to propel a wheelchair
28
transection of spinal cord at T1-T9
paralysis of both lower limbs
29
transection of spinal cord T10-L1
some thigh muscle function; may allow walking with long leg braces
30
transection of spinal cord L2-L3
most lower limb functions present, may be able to walk with short leg braces
31
muscular back pain is often the result of
spasm in muscular tissue producing ischemia
32
back joint pain is usually the result of
osteoarthritis or disease arthritis
33
fibroskeletal back pain is usually the result of
fractures and dislocation of ligamentous structures