Development of the Head and Neck

Question 1

What forms the upper half of the atlas and the occipital bone?

Answer 1

scelerotomes

Question 2

What forms the muscles of the tongue and the muscles of the neck?

Answer 2

myotomes

Question 3

What innervates the muscles of the tongue? The muscles of the neck?

Answer 3

hypoglossal nerve, cervical spinal nerve

Question 4

In the __ the __ week the development of most of the head and neck structures occur. At this point, the ____ arches are present.

Answer 4

4th to 5th week

pharyngeal arches

Question 5

Which arch forms the dorsal maxillary process and the ventral mandibular process?

Answer 5

first arch

Question 6

The first arch is also called the what?

Answer 6

mandibular arch

Question 7

The second arch is also called the what?

Answer 7

hyoid arch

Question 8

The third arch is for what muscle, bone, and nerve?

Answer 8

• stylopharyngeus
• greater cornu of hyoid and lower part of body of hyoid
• glossopharyngeal

Question 9

What pouch forms the proximal auditory tube, the distal middle ear tympanic cavity, and the TM?

Answer 9

the first pouch (pharyngeal pouch)

Question 10

What pouch forms the palatine tonsils, lymphatic tissue, and tonsillar fossa?

Answer 10

second pouch

Question 11

What pouch forms the inferior parathyroid gland and the thymus?

Answer 11

third pouch

Question 12

What pouch forms the superior parathyroid gland and the ultimobranchial body?

Answer 12

fourth pouch

Question 13

DiGeorge syndrome is a failure of differentiation of the__ and ___ pouches. Infants are born without ___ and ____ glands. Facial abnormalities, thyroid hypoplasia, congenital hypoparathyroidism and cardiac abnormalities. Microdeletion in chromosome ___.

Answer 13

3rd and 4th pouches
thymus and parathyroid glands
chromosome 22

Question 14

Which cleft(s) become the cervical sinus that disappears over time?

Answer 14

2nd, 3rd, 4th

Question 15

Only 4 cranial nerves are neural crest derived, what are they?

Answer 15

5, 7, 9, 10

Question 16

Incomplete fusion of two medial nasal prominences. Deep groove seen between two halves of nose. Dx?

Answer 16

median cleft lip

Question 17

Partial or complete lack of fusion of maxillary prominences with one or both medial nasal prominences. Dx?

Answer 17

lateral cleft lip

-can be uni- or bilat

Question 18

What separates maxillary prominences from lateral nasal prominences?

Answer 18

nasolacrimal groove

Question 19

Failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with lateral nasal prominence. Nasolacrimal duct is exposed. Dx?

Answer 19

oblique facial cleft

Question 20

Tongue is not free from mouth. The frenulum anchors tongue. In most common form the frenulum extends to the tup of the tongue. Dx?

Answer 20

ankyloglossia (tongue tie)

Question 21

If a there is a cleft that involves both the lip and the palate is it a cleft lip or a cleft palate diagnosis?

Answer 21

cleft palate

Question 22

Lack of fusion between primary and secondary palates. Dx?

Answer 22

cleft palate (anterior)

Question 23

Lack of fusion of palatine shelves, occurs frequently in females, anticonvulsant drugs during pregnancy increase the risk. Dx?

Answer 23

cleft palate (secondary)

Question 24

Uvula has a fish tail appearance. Dx?

Answer 24

cleft uvula