Development of the Head and Neck Flashcards
What forms the upper half of the atlas and the occipital bone?
scelerotomes
What forms the muscles of the tongue and the muscles of the neck?
myotomes
What innervates the muscles of the tongue? The muscles of the neck?
hypoglossal nerve, cervical spinal nerve
In the __ the __ week the development of most of the head and neck structures occur. At this point, the ____ arches are present.
4th to 5th week
pharyngeal arches
Which arch forms the dorsal maxillary process and the ventral mandibular process?
first arch
The first arch is also called the what?
mandibular arch
The second arch is also called the what?
hyoid arch
The third arch is for what muscle, bone, and nerve?
- stylopharyngeus
- greater cornu of hyoid and lower part of body of hyoid
- glossopharyngeal
What pouch forms the proximal auditory tube, the distal middle ear tympanic cavity, and the TM?
the first pouch (pharyngeal pouch)
What pouch forms the palatine tonsils, lymphatic tissue, and tonsillar fossa?
second pouch
What pouch forms the inferior parathyroid gland and the thymus?
third pouch
What pouch forms the superior parathyroid gland and the ultimobranchial body?
fourth pouch
DiGeorge syndrome is a failure of differentiation of the__ and ___ pouches. Infants are born without ___ and ____ glands. Facial abnormalities, thyroid hypoplasia, congenital hypoparathyroidism and cardiac abnormalities. Microdeletion in chromosome ___.
3rd and 4th pouches
thymus and parathyroid glands
chromosome 22
Which cleft(s) become the cervical sinus that disappears over time?
2nd, 3rd, 4th
Only 4 cranial nerves are neural crest derived, what are they?
5, 7, 9, 10
Incomplete fusion of two medial nasal prominences. Deep groove seen between two halves of nose. Dx?
median cleft lip
Partial or complete lack of fusion of maxillary prominences with one or both medial nasal prominences. Dx?
lateral cleft lip
-can be uni- or bilat
What separates maxillary prominences from lateral nasal prominences?
nasolacrimal groove
Failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with lateral nasal prominence. Nasolacrimal duct is exposed. Dx?
oblique facial cleft
Tongue is not free from mouth. The frenulum anchors tongue. In most common form the frenulum extends to the tup of the tongue. Dx?
ankyloglossia (tongue tie)
If a there is a cleft that involves both the lip and the palate is it a cleft lip or a cleft palate diagnosis?
cleft palate
Lack of fusion between primary and secondary palates. Dx?
cleft palate (anterior)
Lack of fusion of palatine shelves, occurs frequently in females, anticonvulsant drugs during pregnancy increase the risk. Dx?
cleft palate (secondary)
Uvula has a fish tail appearance. Dx?
cleft uvula
