Biochemistry Flashcards
Energy intake and activity for a 1 year old? 6 year old? 10 year old?
1 year- 800 calorie
6 year- 1600 calories
10year- 2000 calories
What is based on the brain’s glucose needs? When it is within the adult range?
carbohydrates, after 1 year of age
Fats and fatty acids are ___ % of energy for 1-3 years and ____% for 4-18 years.
30-40% for 1-3, 25-35% for 4-18
What increases with age and declines with body weight? What is an important factor?
Protein, nitrogen balance
Vitamins and minerals ___ with age (iron and vitamin D). You need ___ to ___ mg iron per day.
increases, 7-10
If you have iron deficiency or malnourishment, then ____ becomes much easier.
lead poisoning
What causes an immunologic response with a reaction that may be immediate or delayed?
a true food allergy
What causes symptoms without antibody production?
food intolerance
If one parent is obese, there is more than ___% chance the child would be obese. If neither parent is obese, there is less than ___% chance the child would be obese.
80%, 10%
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes? (3)
- obese (most important)
- sedentary
- family history
In obesity the LDL ___ while the HDL ____.
LDL increases, HDL decreases
A child on vegan diet since birth for a strong family history of heart disease. What impact might a vegan diet have on nutritional status and development of that child?
- deficiencies of protein, vitamin D, vitamin B12, iron, and calcium have been reported in infants fed vegan diets
- a strict vegan diet can significantly slow growth transitions from breast milk to solid foods
If a teen has at least one obese parent, what are the teen’s chances of becoming an obese adult?
greater than 80%
What is the administration of complete and balanced nutrition by IV infusion in order to support anabolism, body weight, maintenance or gain, and nitrogen balance, when oral or enteral nutrition are not feasible or are inadequate?
total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Cancer patients had a ___ nitrogen balance when receiving cacein hydrolysate in an infusion of glucose.
positive
- really sick patients had a negative nitrogen balance which implies you have a net breakdown of proteins in your body (catabolic process)
- a positive nitrogen balance is associated with protein growth (anabolic process)
What are the components of parenteral nutrition?
- energy (glucose, IV lipid emulsion)
- nitrogen (aa, of peptides)
- water
- mineral
- vitamins
- trace elements
Who is know for the development of the ICU?
Florence Nightingale
Renal continuous hemofiltration allowed for what 3 things?
- better management of renal failure
- allowed us to give fluids to those in renal failure
- removed any limitations on nutrition
Continuous hemofiltration allowed for the permitted feeding without limit in who?
critical patients
What can start in a person who has been without food for only five days?
refeeding syndrome!!!!
What is the biggest factor in refeeding? What things should we see in refeeding syndrome?
phosphate
-hypokalamia, hypomagnesaemia, hypophosphataemia, thiamine deficiency, salt and water retention
A low fat, low calorie, low sodium diet is good for what type of patient?
one with high blood pressure and increased risk for high cholesterol
If the calcium level is low, the parathyroid should be high. What does parathyroid require to function correctly?
magnesium
What is the diagnosis for someone with a large waist circumference, high triglyceride level, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased blood pressure, and elevated fasting blood sugar?
metabolic syndrome
