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MD4001 > Development of pharyngeal arches > Flashcards

Development of pharyngeal arches Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the pharyngeal arches

A
  • Mesoderm core
  • Ectoderm
  • Endoderm
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2
Q

What does the mesenchyme core come from?

A

Mesoderm an neural crest

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3
Q

What forms the pharyngeal clefts?

A

Ectoderm

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4
Q

What forms the pharyngeal pouches?

A

Endoderm

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5
Q

What are somitomeres?

A
  • Ill defined segments of paraxial mesoderm

* Rostral to the somites

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6
Q

Paraxial mesoderm migration

A
  • Migrates into the pharyngeal arches

* Forms mostly muscle tissue in the head

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7
Q

What are ectodermal placodes?

A

thickening of ectoderm that help give rise to sensory neurones/ganglia

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8
Q

What musculature forms from the first arch?

A
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Anterior belly of digastric
  • Tensor tympani
  • Tensor veli palatini
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9
Q

What musculature forms from the second arch?

A
  • Muscles of Facial expression
  • Stylohyoid
  • Stapedius
  • Posterior belly of digastric
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10
Q

What muscles form from the third arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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11
Q

What muscles form from the fourth arch?

A
  • All muscles of pharynx apart from stylopharyngeus
  • All muscles of the palate except tensor veli palatini
  • Cricothyroid
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12
Q

What muscles form from the sixth arch?

A

All muscles of the larynx

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13
Q

What do major blood vessels form from?

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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14
Q

What is the origin of the ganglia

A

Neural crest and/or ectodermal placodes

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15
Q

What do the motor elements of cranial nerves form from?

A

Originates from the CNS

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16
Q

Nerves from 1st arch

A

• Trigeminal: opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

17
Q

Nerves 2nd arch

A

Facial nerve

18
Q

Nerve 3rd arch

A

Glossopharyngeal

19
Q

Nerve 4th and 6th arch

A

Vagus

20
Q

What forms the cartilaginous elements in arches 1,2,3?

A

From the neural crest cells for the first 3 arches

21
Q

Bones formed from the first arch

A 
• Maxilla 
• Zygomatic bone 
• Mandible 
• Malleus 
• Incus 
(• Formed from meckel's cartilage)
22
Q

Bones formed from the second arch

A
  • Stapes
  • Styloid process
  • Lesser horn of hyoid
  • Upper part of body of hyoid
23
Q

Bones formed from the third arch

A
  • Greater horn of hyoid

* Lower part of body of hyoid

24
Q

Bone formed from the fourth and sixth arch

A
  • Epiglottis
  • Laryngeal cartilages
  • Thyroid
  • Cuneiform
  • Corniculate
  • Arytenoids
25
Q

Artery of the first arch

A

maxillary

26
Q

Arteries of the second arch

A
  • Hyoid artery

* Stapedial artery

27
Q

Arteries of third arch

A
  • Common carotid

* Proximal internal carotid

28
Q

Arteries of the fourth arch

A
  • Aortic arch

* Subclavian artery

29
Q

Arteries of the sixth arch

A
  • Pulmonary arteries

* Ductus arteriosus

30
Q

What forms from the paraxial mesoderm?

A
  • All voluntary muscles
  • Arteries
  • neurocranium
  • Meninges
  • Dorsal skin
31
Q

What forms from the lateral plate mesoderm?

A
  • Laryngeal cartilages

* Regional connective tissue

32
Q

What forms from the neural crest?

A
  • Pharyngeal arch skeleton
  • Viscerocranium
  • Glandular connective tissue
  • Parts of neurocrnaium
  • Teeth
  • Interacts with ectodermal placodes for ganglia/sensory nerve formation
33
Q

What forms from the ectodermal placodes?

A
  • Interact with the neural crest cells to form the neurones of sensory ganglia (V, VII, IX and X)
  • Sensory apparatus

MD4001 (28 decks)

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