Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD4001 > Antidepressants > Flashcards

Antidepressants Flashcards

1
Q

What is the likely cause of depression

A

Reduction of serotonin receptors in the hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different types of antidepressants?

A
  • Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitors
  • Reversible Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitors
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • Serotonin norepinephrine up take inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitors?

A
  • Inhibit MAO enzymes that break down norepinephrine/ serotonin and dopamine
  • Inhibiting increases the levels of all of these neurotransmitters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name examples of mono amine oxidase inhibitors

A
  • Phenelzine
  • Selegiline
  • Tranycypromine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the side effects of mono amine oxidase inhibitors?

A
  • Weakness
  • Headache
  • Weight gain
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Impotence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the interactions of mono amine oxidase inhibitors?

A
  • Can cause dangerous levels of serotonin causing hypertension, confusion, tremor, coma and potentially death if used with SSRI tricyclic or some analgesics e.g. morphine or tramadol
  • Need a 14 day washout period to avoid interactions
  • Foods high in tyramine may cause hypertensive crisis e.g. cheese, certain meats, alcohol, some green vegetables
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Example of reversible mono amine oxidase inhibitor

A

Moclobeminde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the interactions of reversible mono amine oxidase inhibitors?

A
  • Tyramine has less of an effect

* Because it is a shorter acting medication can be changed with only a one week washout period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the mechasnim of tricyclic antidepressants?

A
  • Inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by blocking transporters responsible for re-uptake
  • Increases the concentration of neurotransmitters in the synapse, triggering further neurotransmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name examples of tricyclic antidepressants

A
  • Amitriptyline
  • Clomipramine
  • Imipramine
  • Lofepramine
  • Nortriptyline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the interactions of tricyclics?

A
  • May cause arrhythmia in cardiovascular disease

* Very dangerous if overdosed (caution in suicidal patient)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the side effects of tricyclics?

A
  • Reduced intestinal mobility
  • Can induce bradycardia followed by tachycardia
  • Reduce bronchial secretion
  • Urinary retention
  • Dry mouth
  • Confusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why should tricyclics be avoided in the elderly?

A

Because of the side effects causing urinary retention, dry mouth and confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Trazodone

A

Related to tricyclics but more sedating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mechanism of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors?

A
  • Limits the reuptake of serotonin, acting on the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptor
  • Only have a weak affinity for norepinephrine and dopamine transmitters so are generally better tolerated with fewer side effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name examples of Selective Serotonin Re-uptake inhibitors

A
  • Citalopram (most toxic)
  • Escitalopram
  • Paroextine
  • Sertaline
  • Fluoxetine (least toxic)
17
Q

What are the side effects of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors?

A
  • Sexual dysfunction and reduced libido
  • Cardiac: some (esp. citalopram) can cause QT interval prolongation
  • Bleeding: affects anticoagulants (i.e. warfarin), increasing risk of GI bleeds
  • Possible increased risk of suicide
  • Nausea
  • Rash
  • Sweating
  • Headaches
  • Insomnia
  • Muscle aches
18
Q

What are the interactions of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?

A
  • Anticoagulants

* May reduced fit threshold in epilepsy

19
Q

What is the mechanism of Duloxetine?

A

• Serotonin norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor

20
Q

What are the side effects of duloxetine?

A
  • Nausea
  • Insomnia
  • Dizziness
21
Q

Mechanism of Mirtazapine?

A

• Presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoreceptor antagonist and specific serotonergic antidepressant

22
Q

What are the side effects of Mirtazapine?

A
  • Low doses cause drowsiness so best taken at night

* High doses give a more stimulant effect so better taken in the morning

23
Q

Mechanism of Venlafaxine

A

Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

24
Q

What are the uses of venlafaxine?

A
  • Major depressive disorder
  • Anxiety
  • Panic
  • Social phobia
  • Resistant depression
25
Q

Name antipsychotics

A
  • Risperidone

* Lithium

26
Q

When is lithium used?

A
  • Bipolar/mania mood stabilisation
  • Possible adverse effects on the kidney and thyroid function
  • Regular blood tests every 3-4 months
27
Q

Which groups of people are more at risk of QTc prolongation?

A
  • Major psychiatric disorder
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Women
  • The elderly

MD4001 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions